October University for Modern Sciences & Arts

Model Answers of Final Exam

Faculty Dentistry

Department Biochemistry Department

Module Code SGS 246

Module Title Biochemistry II

Semester Fall 2017

Time Allowed 3 hours

Total Mark 40 Marks

No. of Pages

Material provided Answer booklet is required

Equipment permitted --

Additional Instructions All Answers must be in English otherwise it will not be

considered.

No books, paper or electronic devices are permitted to be brought into the examination room
other than those specified above.
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October University for Modern Sciences and Arts SGS246

Faculty of Dentistry Biochemistry II
Biochemistry Department
Model Answers of Final Exam, Fall 2017 3 hours

Answer ALL of the following questions: (Total 40 Marks)

Question (I) (5 Marks, 0.5 Marks

each)
Choose the best answer and copy the letter ONLY to your answer sheet
1. The following enzyme in glycolysis is irreversible:
a) Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase b) Mutase
c) Lactate Dehydrogenase d) Pyruvate Kinase

2. The following is true about the first step in glycolysis:

a) It is irreversible b) Produces ADP
c) Produces Glucose-6-P d) All of the above

3. The phosphoglycerate kinase in producing ATP via:

a) Substrate level phosphorylation b) Carboxylation
c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Oxidative decarboxylation

4. When one molecule of glucose is oxidized under anaerobic glycolysis, all the
following is correct EXCEPT:
a) 2 ATPs are produced by glycerate b) 1 ATP is consumed by PFK-1
kinase
c) 2 ATPs are produced by d) 1 ATP is consumed by
Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase hexokinase/glucokinase

5. All the following enzymes are responsible for the regulation of glycolysis EXCEPT:
a) Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase b) Hexokinase
c) PFK-1 d) Pyruvate Kinase

6. The lipoprotein that has the least density is:

a) Chylomicron b) VLDL
c) LDL d) HDL

7. The lipoprotein responsible for transporting dietary lipids from intestine to peripheral
tissues:
a) Chylomicron b) VLDL
c) LDL d) HDL

8. The lipoprotein that contains only apo B100:

a) Chylomicron b) VLDL
c) LDL d) HDL

9. The apoprotein that activates lipoprotein lipase:

a) Apo AI b) Apo B48
c) Apo CII d) Apo E

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October University for Modern Sciences and Arts SGS246

Faculty of Dentistry Biochemistry II
Biochemistry Department
Model Answers of Final Exam, Fall 2017 3 hours

10. LDL is produced:

a) In the small intestine b) In the liver
c) By the action of lipoprotein lipase d) None of the above
on VLDL

Question (II) (6 Marks, 2 Marks each)

Give a brief explanation on the following
1- Phosphorylytic cleavage of glycogen is more energetically advantageous than its hydrolytic
cleavage.
G-1-P is converted by mutase to G-6-P and so no need to lose energy in the hexokinase
step
2- Krebs cycle is considered the hub of metabolism.
Anaplerotic nature of krebs cucle and how it connects lipid, CHO and protein
metabolism
3- G-6-P dehydrogenase deficiency may cause hemolysis.
No NADPH thus no regeneration of reduced GSH
Question (III): (5 Marks, 0.5 Mark
each)
Give the name of the enzyme that catalyses each of the following reactions:
1. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate to citrate Citrate synthase
2. Succinate to fumarate Succinate Dehydrogenase
3. DHAP to Glyceraldehyde-3-P Phospho triose isomerase
4. Glucose 1-P to glycogen Glycogen synthase
5. Glucose-1-P to UDP-glucose UDP pyrophosphorylase
6. Non-oxidative phase of HMP-shunt (2 enzymes) transketolase, transaldolase
7. HMG CoA to mevalonate HMG CoA reductase
8. Glutamine to glutamate Glutaminase
9. Serine to glycine Serine hydroxymethyltranferase

Question (IV) (6
Marks)
A) In a tabular form compare fatty acids synthesis and metabolism (Subcellular location,
oxidation/reduction coenzymes and repetitive 4 steps of each cycle) (3 Marks).
Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid oxidation
Subcellular location Cytosol (0.25 Mark) Mitochondria (0.25 Mark)
oxidation/reduction NADPH (0.25 Mark) NAD+
coenzymes FAD+ (0.25 Mark)
repetitive 4 steps of each Condensation, reduction, Oxidation, hydration,
cycle dehydration, reduction. oxidation, thiolysis. (0.5

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October University for Modern Sciences and Arts SGS246

Faculty of Dentistry Biochemistry II
Biochemistry Department
Model Answers of Final Exam, Fall 2017 3 hours

(0.5 Mark) Mark)

B) Calculate the ATP yield of the oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitic acid (16 C saturated
fatty acid) (3 Marks).

 No. of cycles = (n/2) – 1= (16/2) – 1 = 7 cycles (0.5 Mark)

 No. of Acetyl CoA molecules = (n/2) = (16/2) = 8 Acetyl CoA (0.5 Mark)
 7 FADH2= 7 x 2 = 14 ATP (0.5 Mark)
 +
7 NADH + H = 7 x 3 = 21 ATP (0.5 Mark)
 8 Acetyl CoA = 8 x 12 ATP = 96 ATP (0.5 Mark)
 ATP yield = 131 ATP – 2 ATP (consumed in activation) = 129 ATP (0.5 Mark)
Question (V): (4 Marks, 1 Mark
each)
Comment on each of the following statements:
1- Liver parenchymal cells contain two isoenzymes of HMG CoA synthase.
 Cytosolic for cholesterol synthesis (0.5 Mark) and mitochondrial for ketone bodies
synthesis (0.5 Mark).
2- Liver cannot use ketone bodies.
 Because it lacks the CoA transferase (thiophorase) (1 Mark).
3- Statin drugs lower cholesterol synthesis.
 Because they are reversible competitive inhibitors for HMG CoA reductase
(structurally similar to HMG) (1 Mark).
4- HDL is good cholesterol.
 Due to reverse cholesterol transport, HDL is a good cholesterol carrier and its plasma
concentration has an inverse correlation with atherosclerosis (1 Mark).
Question (VI): (4 Marks, 2 Marks
each)
Give short notes on each of the following:
1. Importance of ketone bodies.
 They are transportable form of fatty acids as they are soluble in water (so don’t need
carriers in blood) (1 Mark).
 Cardiac muscle and renal cortex use acetoacetate in preference to glucose.
 Brain adapts to the utilization of acetoacetate in starvation & diabetes (Any of these 2
points 1 Mark).
2. Esterification of cholesterol.
In the vascular compartment (in plasma):
• Cholesterol is esterified to fatty acids by the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyl
transferase (LCAT) in the plasma.
Cholesterol + Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) Cholesterol ester +
lysolecithin (1 Mark for equation & enzyme)

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October University for Modern Sciences and Arts SGS246

Faculty of Dentistry Biochemistry II
Biochemistry Department
Model Answers of Final Exam, Fall 2017 3 hours

Intracellularly (in tissues):

• Cholesterol is esterified by the enzyme acyl-cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) in
tissues.
Cholesterol + acyl CoA Cholesterol ester + CoASH (1 Mark for equation &
enzyme)
Question (VII): (6 Marks)
A) For this given metabolic pathway, answer the following questions:

1- Identify compounds A and B (1 marks).

A: alpha amino acid (0.5 Mark) B: Glutamate (0.5 Mark)
2- Identify enzyme E1 and its coenzyme (1 marks).
E1: Transaminase (aminotransferase) (0.5 Mark) Coenzyme: PLP (0.5 Mark)
3- What is the name of this given pathway? (1 mark)
Transdeamination (1 Mark)

B) Classify each of the following amino acids according to metabolic and nutritional
classification:
1- Isoleucine (1 Mark each) (Ketogenic and glucogenic (0.5 Mark), essential (0.5 Mark)).
1- Alanine (1 Mark each) (Glucogenic (0.5 Mark), non-essential (0.5 Mark)).
2- Lysine (1 Mark each) (Ketogenic (0.5 Mark), essential (0.5 Mark)).

Question (VIII): (4 Marks, 2 Marks

each)

Show by equations each of the following biochemical transformations:

1. Asparagine to oxaloacetate

2. Phenylalanine to DOPA

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October University for Modern Sciences and Arts SGS246

Faculty of Dentistry Biochemistry II
Biochemistry Department
Model Answers of Final Exam, Fall 2017 3 hours

GOOD LUCK

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