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The Effects of Exercise
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1 of 30 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
Learning objectives
The body has two main ways of getting rid of the extra
heat produced by muscles during exercise.
1. Vasodilation
The capillaries close to the surface of the
skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow into
them. Because the blood is closer to the
skin, more heat is lost to the environment.
2. Sweating
Sweat glands in the skin excrete
sweat – a mixture of water, salts and
urea. As the sweat evaporates, it
takes heat away with it.
Glycogen stores
Muscles
9 of 30 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
Lactic acid
Food is converted to
glycogen by the body and
stored in the muscles and
liver as an energy reserve.
As you exercise, muscle
glycogen is used up and it
takes some time to replace.
After prolonged exercise, for
example a marathon, it can
take more than 48 hours for
the glycogen stores to fully This graph shows glycogen levels
recover. during and after a marathon.
Your resting heart rate gets slower as you get fitter, because
the heart needs fewer beats to pump blood round the body.
Training also results in new capillaries growing to improve
the supply of blood to the muscles.