Ch.

4 Refraction ( 折射 )
 Incident Angle of
reflection Reflected
Ray
Ray
Angle of
incidence
air

glass

Angle of Refraction
Refracted
Ray

2
Incident Rays The light ray in air
( 入射線 )
Refracted Rays The light ray in the glass block
( 折射線 )
Normal The line perpendicular to the glass
( 法線 ) block

Angle of incidence The angle between the incident

( 入射角 ) ray and the normal.

Angle of refraction The angle between the refracted

( 折射角 ) rays and the normal.

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 i
air i=0 air
glass r=0 glass
r

(r) is NOT equal to (i) (i = r = 0)

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 Normal

i i
air glass
glass air
r r

The light ray bent away

The light ray bent towards from ( 偏離 ) the normal.
( 偏向 ) the normal.

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6
c 7
c 8
c 9
Experiment ( 實驗 )

電源 半圓膠塊

光箱

量角器
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Method

i / 0 30 45 60 75

r /

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sin i 0 0.500 0.707 0.866 0.966

sin r
sin i
sin r

sin i
is a constant and is called refractive
sin r index ( 折射率 ) of glass.

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Method

i / 0 30 45 60 75

r / 0 20 28 35 40

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i / 0 30 45 60 75

r / 0 20 28 35 40
sin i 0 0.500 0.707 0.866 0.966
sin r
sin i
sin r

Correct to 3 significant figures.

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sin i 0 0.500 0.707 0.866 0.966

sin r 0 0.342 0.469 0.574 0.643

sin i
--- 1.46 1.51 1.51 1.50
sin r

sin i
is a constant (about 1.5) and is called
sin r
refractive index ( 折射率 ) of
glass.
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Laws of refraction ( 折射定律 )
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence
to
the sine of the angle of refraction is a
constant.
sin i
= constant
sin r

(i) The relation is called Snell’s law ( 斯湼耳定律 ).

(ii) The constant is called the refractive index ( 折射率 )

of the material.

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Material ( 物質 ) Refractive Index ( 折射率 )

vacuum ( 真空 ) 1.0000

air 1.0003

water 1.33

glass 1.5 to 1.7

diamond 2.42

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Graphical Method to find Refractive Index

sin i

0 sin r

1. sin i is directly proportional ( 正比 ) to sin r.

2. The slope ( 斜率 ) of the graph is refractive

index
of the material. 18
Class Exercise 6.1

i / 0 30 45 60 75
r /
sin i 0 0.500 0.707 0.866 0.966
sin r

(a) Plot the graph of sin i against sin r in the graph paper.

(b) What is the relationship between sin i and sin r ?

(c) Hence, calculate the refractive index of the material.

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i / 0 30 45 60 75

r / 0 20 28 35 40
sin i 0 0.500 0.707 0.866 0.966

sin r 0 0.342 0.469 0.573 0.643

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(a
)

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(b) The graph is a straight line which passes through
the___________

Therefore, sin i is __________ to sin r.

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(b) The graph is a straight line which passes through
the origin (0,0)

Therefore, sin i is directly proportional

( 正比 ) to sin r.

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 y 2  y1
(c) slope =
x 2  x1

0.90 - 0
=
0.60 - 0
= 1.5

The refractive index is 1.5

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