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INTRODUCTION
Where,
μ=Refractive index of liquid
DISPERSION OF LIGHT
Light changes speed as it moves from one medium to
another. This causes the light to be refracted and it’s enter
into a new medium at a different angle. The phenomenon of
light into its component colours is known as dispersion.
The Red light is the least bended and the Violet light is the
most bended. This gives us a rainbow that consist of seven
colours. The prism is used to separate a beam of light into a
constitute spectrum of colours.
HALLOW PRISM
A Hallow prism is a prism made using glass plate with the centre
part of the prism is vacant. This Cavity can be filled with gas or other
fluids. Thus, it is also called as a fluid prism.
A medium can be filled in the hallow prism, to take the readings
for minimum deviation. This medium can be used in any medium but
except glass.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Hollow glass prism
Bell pins
Drawing board
Various liquid like water,
Carbon disulphide, Dilute
Sulphuric acid, Hydrochloric acid,
Ethyl alcohol,
Benz aldehyde, etc.
PROCEDURE
Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with
help of drawing pins.
Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
Drop a normal NE on the side AB.
Fill the prism consecutive liquids to find angle of
deviation of each of the liquid.
Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal NE and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in
the straight line.
Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid, on
the marked outline ABC.
Now take the pins and place them on
the side AC so that all the 4 pins
appear to be in the same.
Remove the prism and draw the line
joining the points so obtained.
Mark the diagram as shown in the
figure (1.1).
Repeat this with different liquids and
different angle of incidence.
Fig: 1.1
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION
Benz aldehyde
1
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A+ D
sin I 2
μ= =sin .
sin R A
sin( )
2
Benzaldehyde
46
45
44
Angle of Deviation (Do)
43
42
41
40
39
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Angle of incidence (io)
Water
1
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A+ D
sin I 2
μ= =sin .
sin R A
sin( )
2
Water
30
25
20
Angle of Deviation (Do)
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Angle of incidence (io)
Dilute Sulphuric acid
1
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A+ D
sin I 2
μ= =sin .
sin R A
sin( )
2
Dilute Sulphuric Acid
35
30
25
Angle of Deviation (Do)
20
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Angle of incidence (io)
Hydrochloric acid
S.no Ao(angle of prism) io(angle of incidence) Do(angle of deviation)
1
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A+ D
sin I 2
μ= =sin .
sin R A
sin( )
2
Hydrochloric acid
35
30
25
Angle of Deviation (Do)
20
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Angle of incidence (io)
Ethyl alcohol
S.no Ao(angle of prism) io(angle of incidence) Do(angle of deviation)
1
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A+ D
sin I 2
μ= =sin .
sin R A
sin( )
2
Ethyl alcohol
30
25
20
Angle of Deviation (Do)
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Angle of incidence (io)
CONCLUSION
Refractive indices at room temperature:
A.Benz aldehyde
a. Actual :
b. Experimental :
B.Water
a. Actual :
b. Experimental :
C.Dilute Sulphuric Acid
a. Actual :
b. Experimental :
D.Hydrochloric acid
a. Actual :
b. Experimental :
E. Ethyl alcohol
a. Actual :
b. Experimental :
PRECAUTIONS
Angle of incidence should lie Between 35 to 60 degree.
Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
Distance between two points should not be less than
10mm.
Same angle of prism should be used for all observation
Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and
incident ray.
BIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES:
NCERT.NIC.IN
www.wikipedia.org
www.google.com
Ncert Vol.2