BAL411 - INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS - II

CIA 3- National Parties: History and Development (Unit 4)

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. ARDRA. N. G
SCHOOL OF LAW

SUBMITTED BY:
K. CHAKRA PANI 2150212
HARSH VIKRAM SINGH 2150213
HITHESH 2150214
HRISHIKESH RAO 2150215
INGITH PRASANTH 2150216
JATIN SANGWA 2150217
JEEVAN. T. GEORGE 2150218
 Importance of National Parties

National parties play a significant role in Indian politics for several reasons:
1.Wide Appeal
2.Stronger Infrastructure
3.Stable Governance
4.National Security
5.Unity and Integration

Overall, national parties are crucial for India's political, social, and economic development.
They can provide a stable and strong government, ensure national security, and work towards
the country's progress and integration
A registered party is recognised as a National Party only if it fulfils
any one of the following five conditions:

1. A party must win 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha from at least 3 different states to be recognized as a
National Party.
2. A party must win 4 Lok Sabha seats from any state or states and poll 6% of votes in four states to be
recognized as a National Party.
3.A party can also be recognized as a National Party if it is recognized as a State Party in four or more states.
4. Recognized National Parties are given unique symbols that only their official candidates can use.
5. These parties are recognized by the Election Commission of India and are given special privileges and
facilities.
COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA

• The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed in 1925, with founders including M. N. Roy, his wife
Evelyn Trent, Abani Mukherji, and M. P. T. Acharya.
• The party was badly organised during the 1920s and early 1930s, and the government had banned all
communist activity, making it difficult to build a united party. The party experienced many conspiracy trials
and shifted rapidly between left-wing and right-wing positions after India's Independence in 1947.
• The CPI is the only national political party from India to have contested all general elections using the same
electoral symbol. The party supported the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance
government but withdrew its support over the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act
in 2008
• The CPI suffered a massive defeat in the 2019 Indian general election, leading the Election Commission of
India to question their national party status. As of 2020, the CPI is a part of the state government in Kerala,
Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
• The CPI's ideology is centered around communism, with the goal of establishing a communist society.
 1.THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) IS A COMMUNIST
POLITICAL PARTY IN INDIA, AND THE LARGEST COMMUNIST PARTY IN
COMMUNIST INDIA IN TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP AND ELECTORAL SEATS.
PARTY OF 2.THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) WAS FORMED IN
INDIA(MARXIST) NOVEMBER 1964 DURING THE SEVENTH CONGRESS OF THE COMMUNIST
PARTY OF INDIA HELD IN CALCUTTA.
3.THE CPI(M) WAS ESTABLISHED TO COMBAT REVISIONISM AND
SECTARIANISM IN THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT, AND TO UPHOLD THE
PRINCIPLES OF MARXISM-LENINISM IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT.
4.THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA, THE PREDECESSOR OF THE CPI(M),
WAS FOUNDED IN LATE 1925 IN KANPUR, WITH VARIOUS ATTEMPTS TO
ESTABLISH A COMMUNIST PRESENCE ON THE SUBCONTINENT PRECEDING
ITS FORMATION.
5.THE CPI(M) HAS REPRESENTATION IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES OF
9 STATES IN INDIA.
6.COMMUNISM SEEKS TO REPLACE PRIVATE PROPERTY AND A PROFIT-
BASED ECONOMY WITH PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AND COMMUNAL CONTROL.
IN INDIA, IT HAS EXISTED AS AN IDEOLOGY AND POLITICAL MOVEMENT
SINCE THE 1920S, BUT WAS INITIALLY SUPPRESSED THROUGH LEGAL
PROHIBITIONS AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS.
BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY

• The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is a political party in India that represents Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes (OBC), and religious minorities. It was founded in
1984 by Kanshi Ram, who believed that these groups comprised 85% of India's population but
were divided into 6,000 different castes. The party is inspired by the philosophy of Gautama
Buddha, B.R. Ambedkar, and other social reformers. Mayawati was named Kanshi Ram's
successor in 2001.
• The BSP has a strong base in Uttar Pradesh, where it was the second-largest party in the 2019
general election and the third-largest in the 2022 state assembly election. Its election symbol is an
elephant, which was historically used by Ambedkar's Scheduled Castes Federation.
• The term "Bahujan" refers to the combined population of these marginalized groups, who
together constitute the demographic majority of India. The BSP's ideology emphasizes social
equality, social justice, and self-respect for oppressed castes.
• The party has formed alliances with other political parties in the past, including the
Mahagathbandhan in the run-up to the 2019 general election.
 ALL INDIA TRINAMOOL CONGRESS

• The All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) is a national political party in India with significant influence in
the state of West Bengal. The party was founded by Mamata Banerjee in 1998 after she left the Indian
National Congress. The AITC has won three consecutive majorities in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
and has been the ruling party in the state since May 2011.
• The AITC has had a complex history, including being part of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and
being involved in the Nandigram land acquisition protest.
• It is currently led by Mamata Banerjee. The party's ideology includes Bengali nationalism, progressivism,
welfarism, secularism, and populism.
• The party won 34 out of 42 seats in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, qualifying it for national party status. The
AITC won the most seats in West Bengal in the 2019 Indian general election, but suffered significant losses to
the Bharatiya Janata Party
• In the 2021 state election, the party won by an unexpectedly large margin, despite high-profile members
defecting to the BJP, and Mamata Banerjee was re-elected as the Chief Minister of West Bengal.

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BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY

• The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is India's largest political party and associated with right-wing politics and Hindu
nationalism, with ideological links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). The party was founded in 1980 by
recombining the footprints of its predecessor, the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
• The BJP initially moderated the Hindu nationalist stance of the Jana Sangh to gain wider appeal, emphasizing links to the
Janata Party and the ideology of Gandhian Socialism. The party gained strength from the Ram Janmabhoomi movement
and became the largest party in the Indian Parliament in 1996, winning elections in some states and performing well in
national elections.
• . The BJP formed the government under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee from 1998 to 2004 and again from 2014 to
present. The party's ideology includes conservatism, neoliberalism, Hindu nationalism, and Hindutva.

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1. Economic policies: The BJP-led government has implemented economic policies focused on
promoting foreign investment, reducing government spending, and privatizing state-owned
companies. They have also launched initiatives such as Make in India and Digital India aimed at
boosting domestic manufacturing and technology sectors.
2. National security: The BJP has taken a strong stance on national security issues, particularly with
regards to border disputes with Pakistan and China. The party has also taken a hardline approach
towards terrorism, and has implemented policies aimed at strengthening India's military and
intelligence capabilities.
3. Social issues: The BJP has been criticized for its conservative stance on social issues, particularly
those related to minority rights and gender equality. The party has been accused of promoting a
Hindu nationalist agenda and attempting to undermine the secular foundations of India's
constitution.

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INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
• The Indian National Congress (INC) is a political party in India with widespread roots, founded in 1885 as
the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.
• The Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement under the leadership of
Mahatma Gandhi, and led India to independence from the United Kingdom.
• The party's primary base is the state of Maharashtra and its leadership reflects that, and Indian politics has
become more dynastic since the 1980s, with the NCP being considered the party with the highest level of
dynasticism, with many members of the party leader's family holding prominent positions
• The first session of the Indian National Congress was held on 28 December 1885 with 72 delegates at
Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay.
• At the eleventh session, the Congress saw a substantial increase in the number of delegates, with 1584
attending and Surendranath Banerjea congratulating the Congress for uniting the diverse population and
awakening national sentiment.

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• The Indian National Congress (INC) is currently in power in 3 states of Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh
and Rajasthan where the party has majority support.
• The INC’s ideology was based on national unity, social inclusion, and self-reliance. National unity The
national unity of India was the INC’s primary goal. The party believed that a strong and united India
would be able to withstand British rule and achieve independence. Social inclusion The INC was also
committed to social inclusion.
• The party believed that all sections of society, regardless of caste or religion, should be given equal
rights and opportunities. Self-reliance The INC advocated for self-reliance or the idea that India should
be self-sufficient and not rely on foreign aid. The party believed that India could achieve this goal by
developing its own industries and agriculture.
• The INC was a powerful political force in India during the early 20th century. The party’s ideology of
national unity, social inclusion, and self-reliance helped to shape the course of India’s history. The INC’s
commitment to these ideals continues to be an important part of Indian politics today.

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NATIONALIST CONGRESS PARTY

•The NCP was founded in June 1999 by three former members of the Congress Party—Sharad Pawar, Purno
Sangma, and Tariq Anwar—who were expelled from the party for demanding that only a person born in India
should be allowed to become the country’s president, vice president, or prime minister.
•Sharad Pawar was elected president of the NCP, and Purno Sangma and Tariq Anwar became its general
secretaries, but the foreigner issue has not been highlighted in any of the NCP's election manifesto.
•The NCP eventually came back into power at the state level as part of the Maha Vikas Aghadi coalition formed
with Shiv Sena and the Congress. However, this coalition lost power in June 2022 after a rebel faction led by Shiv
Sena leader Eknath Shinde gathered the support of a majority of Sena MLAs and reestablished the previous Sena-
BJP coalition. Subsequently, on 20 July, NCP President Sharad Pawar dissolved almost all units of the party.
MAY 20XX
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The ‘Ideology’ of the NCP revolves around Gandhism, Liberalism and Secularism.
GANDHISM
o The term "Gandhism" also
encompasses what
Gandhi's ideas, words, and
actions mean to people
around the world and how
they used them for
guidance in building their
own future. Gandhism
also permeates into the
realm of the individual
human being, non-political
and non-social.
LIBERALISM
o Liberalism is a political and
moral philosophy focused on
individual rights, liberty, and
political equality. It supports
private property, market
economies, civil and human
rights, liberal democracy,
secularism, rule of law,
economic and political
freedom, freedom of speech,
press, assembly, and religion.
It's considered the dominant
ideology of modern history.
SECULARISM
o Secularism is a principle that
emphasizes the importance of
separating religion from civil
affairs and the state. This
means that decisions and
policies should be based on
secular and naturalistic
considerations, rather than
religious beliefs or doctrines.
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NATIONAL PEOPLE'S PARTY

o The National People's Party (NPP) is a political party founded in 2013 by P.A. Sangma, a veteran politician from
Meghalaya, India. The party has a focus on development, governance, and social justice.
o The NPP describes itself as a "center-right" and "pro-people" party, and has a tribal-centric approach. In the 2013
Rajasthan assembly election, the party won four seats under the leadership of Kirodi Lal Meena, a former BJP member
and MP.
o The NPP has been critical of both the ruling Indian National Congress party and the BJP-led government at the center on
certain issues, such as the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC).
o In recent years, the party has been seen as a key player in northeastern politics, with several prominent leaders from the
region joining the party and the party winning seats in various northeastern states.
o The NPP has also been trying to expand its base in other parts of the country, particularly in the southern states of Tamil
Nadu and Kerala, as well as in tribal constituencies of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and northern West Bengal.

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thank you