Problem Solving

and Reasoning:
 Inductive and Deductive
Reasoning

Prepared by:
Jonel B. Rule
Objectives:
a) Define and differentiate inductive reasoning from
deductive reasoning.
b) Demonstrate the correct way in using the two kinds
of reasoning.
c) Apply the concept of patterns in mathematics to solve
problems in inductive and deductive reasoning which lead
into correct conjecture by creating own reasoning.
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning:

In this lesson, we will be studying on how to solve

problems in a different way. We will be using what we
called an inductive and deductive reasoning way. But
before we give an example on how to use this method, let
us define first what inductive and deductive reasoning
is.
Inductive Reasoning

 The type of reasoning that forms a

conclusion based on the examination of
specific examples is called inductive
reasoning.
Inductive Reasoning

 The conclusion formed by using inductive

reasoning is often called a conjecture, since it
may or may not be correct or in other words,
it is a concluding statement that is reached
using inductive reasoning.
Use inductive reasoning to predict the next
number in each of the following list:

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?

Explanation/Solution:
 All the numbers are perfect squares. Thus, it
can be predicted that the next number to be
36.
 Write a conjecture that describe the pattern
2, 4, 12, 48, 240. Then use the conjecture
to find the next item in the sequence

Explanation/Solution:
 The numbers are multiplied by 2, then 3, then
4, then 5. The next number will be the
product of 240 times 6 or 1,440.
It is conjectured that the next number in the
sequence is 1,440.
Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture
out of the following process:
1) Pick a number
2) Multiply the number by 10
3) Add 8 to the product
4) Divide the sum by 2
5) And subtract 4

It is conjectured that the given procedure produces a

number that is five times the original number.
Deductive Reasoning

 Deductive reasoning is the process of

reaching specific conclusion by applying
general ideas or assumptions, procedure or
principle or it is a process of reasoning
logically from given statement to a
conclusion.
Use deductive reasoning to make a conjecture
out of the following process:
1) Pick a number
2) Multiply the number by 10
3) Add 8 to the product
4) Divide the sum by 2
5) And subtract 4

We started with n and ended with 5n. This

conjectured that the given procedure produces a
number that is five times the original number.
 Solve a Logic Puzzle using Deductive Reasoning

Mr. Zilong, Mr. Alucard, Mr. Bane were recently

appointed as the president, vice president and chairman
of the board of trustees, not mentioned in order. Can
you identify their position given the following data:
 the vice president is a bachelor and earns the least
 Mr. Zilong is married to the sister of Mr. Alucard’s
wife. His salary is higher than the president.

This conjectured that Mr. Zilong is the chairman, Mr.

Alucard is the president and Mr. Bane is the vice-president.
Marvel Comics characters are fictional.
Premises
Iron Man is a Marvel Comics character.
Therefore, Iron Man is a fictional character.

Conclusion

Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Determine the kind of reasoning used in each argument.

Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C.

Orange is a citrus fruit.
Therefore, an orange fruit is rich in vitamin C.

Deductive Reasoning
Determine the kind of reasoning used in each argument.

Yesterday morning, Jopay went jogging.

This morning, she jogged again.
Therefore, Jopay will probably jog tomorrow
morning.

Inductive Reasoning
Determine the kind of reasoning used in each argument.

All even numbers are divisible by 2.

22 is even.
Therefore, 22 is divisible by 2.

Deductive Reasoning
Determine the kind of reasoning used in each argument.

My father has a black hair.

My brother has a black hair.
Therefore, everyone I am related to has black
hair.

Inductive Reasoning
“Have a very good reason for
everything you do”
THANK
YOU