SWASTHVRITTA ASSIGNMENT

PRESENTED TO: ◦ Prepared by-: Riya Bhatt

DR. PRIYANKA SHARMA ◦ Roll no. : 44
DR. SHOBHIT (HOD Swasthavritta )
◦ Batch-: 2018
◦ RISHIKUL AYURVEDIC
COLLEGE HARIDWAR (UAU)
 Introduction

Iodine plays an important role in mental as well as physical development as

it is a constituent of thyroid hormones.
Also, the body does not make iodine so it is an essential part of our diet and
also found in various foods such as iodized salts, egg, edible seaweed, fruits
like cranberries, strawberries and pineapples etc.
◦The thyroid gland uses iodine from the foods
you eat to make two main hormones:
Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4)
◦The hypothalamus produces TSH Releasing
Hormone (TRH) that signals the pituitary to tell the
thyroid gland to produce more or less of T3 and T4
by either increasing or decreasing the release of a
hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
◦When T3 and T4 levels are low in the blood, the
pituitary gland releases more TSH to tell the thyroid
gland to produce more thyroid hormones.
◦If T3 and T4 levels are high, the pituitary gland
releases less TSH to the thyroid gland to slow
production of these hormones.
 Definition
◦ Iodine deficiency disorders refers to a
spectrum of health consequences resulting
from inadequate intake of iodine
◦ The adverse consequences of iodine
deficiency leads to a wide spectrum of
problems ranging from abortions and still
birth to mental and physical retardation and
deafness, which collectively known as Iodine
Deficiency Disorders (IDDs).
 VARIOUS Spectrum of IDD
FETAL ABORTIONS: -Still births,
Congenital abnormalities, Endemic
cretinism, Increased perinatal mortality.

ADULT GOITRE:- hypothyroidism,

impaired mental function, spontaneous
hypothyroidism in the elderly, iodine-
induced hyperthyroidism, Increased
susceptibility of the thyroid gland to
nuclear radiations.
NEONATE NEONATAL GOITRE:- neonatal hypothyroidism,
endemic mental retardation, increased susceptibility of thyroid gland to nuclear
radiation.
 CAUSES OR RISK FACTORS OF IDD
Low dietary iodine intake- crops grown in iodine depleted soil or consuming
foods with low iodine content.
Pregnancy, infancy, puberty, lactation- demand of iodine is increased during the
stage of rapid growth. Demand exceeds supply results in deficiency.
Presence of goitrogens- Goiter producing substances naturally present in some
foods (cabbage, cauliflower etc.,) interferes with iodine utilization.
Smoking tobacco
Alcohol, perchlorate, thiocyanates
 EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Iodine deficiency is the single most
important cause of preventable
mental retardation.

• Globally more than 2 billion (or over 38% of

the population living in 130 countries) are
estimated to be a risk of IDD and 260 million
people Africa are at risk and 1,50,000 are
affected by Goiter.
• A profile analysis from different studies in different countries showed that
from all babies born to iodine deficient mothers, 3% will have severe mental
and physical damage, 10% show moderate mental retardation and the
remaining 87% show some form of mild intellectual disability.
 Prevention and control of IDD:
1. FOOD FORTIFICATION:
Fortification of foods with iodine is
an effective means of long-term
prevention and control of many
iodine deficiencies, and one that has
been shown to be cost effective in
many countries.

Universal salt iodization.

-Iodization of salt for both human and livestock
consumption is required.
- Use Iodized salt in the food industry to the
population on a continuous and self sustaining basis.
2. SUPPLEMENTATION
In areas with lack of transportation and small salt producers are available.
◦ Administration of iodized oil capsule

◦ Direct administration of iodine solution

such as Lugol’s iodine at regular intervals.
Cont..
3. HEALTH EDUCATION :
Create awareness about the consequences of IDD specially for
high risk groups (infants, pregnant, lactating women).
Advise the people to use iodized salt for household consumption.
Educate the public to eat iodine rich food items like sea fish, kelp,
etc., and avoid goitrogenic foods.
 4. Set surveillance technique to monitor the distribution of
adequately iodized salt in the community.
Measures and impact of idd control
Reduced
perinatal
Iodization of salt mortality

REDUCED
Increased accessibility of Iodized Improved
IDD
salt productivity

Promote use of iodized salt Improved

cognitive
function
TREATMENT:

- Small benign euthyroid goiters do not require treatment,

just
observe.
- Iodine supplementation by mouth

IN HYPOTHYROIDSM
Thyroid hormone replacement with levothyroxine
(Levothroid, Synthroid)

HYPERTHYROIDSM:
• Anti-thyroid drugs such as methimazole (tapazole) or
propylthiouracil (PTU)
• For advanced hyperthyroidism, radioactive iodine
treatment
(RAI)
 Government actions in IDD
◦ Universal salt iodization as sole strategy to address IDD.
◦ Distribution of iodized salt in remote districts at subsidized rates.
◦ Implementation of iodized salt social marketing campaign.
◦ Monitoring of iodized salt at the entry points, regional and national levels.
◦ Evaluation of IDD status through National survey and integrated mini surveys for vitamin
A, iodized salt and deworming.
◦ Development of IODIZED SALT ACT IN 1998.
RECOMMENDATION
◦ A monitoring system for IDD control and
quality control mechanism must be
established.
◦ All salt should be checked for for its
iodine content and monitoring procedures
should be carried out on an on-going basis
as part of routine health assessments.
◦ Stability of iodine in salt.
◦ National nutrition policy and strategy
should be implemented properly.
◦ Quality assurance.
THANKYOU