Iodine deficiency disorder

Iodine is an essential micro-nutrients it required for

the synthesis of the thyroid hormone .Thyroxin
hormone T4 and tri-iodothyronine T3 .This is the turn
assist the body in the development and the function of
the brain and the nervous system.
Source of iodine
A. natural source
 Main source
 Sea food and cod liver oil
 Food grow in iodine reach soil
 Smaller amount in milk meat vegetables and cereals
B. Artificial source
 Iodine tablet , capsule and injection
 Iodinzed salt and food fortified with iodine
C. In fresh water
 1- 50cub/l
 90% of iodine come from food eaten and rest from drinking water
Deficiency of iodine
Iodine deficiency disorder refers to all effect of iodine
deficiency on human growth and development which
can corrected by the prevention of iodine
deficiency .The negative impact of iodine deficiency .
Hypothyroidism
Retarded physical development and impaired mental
function
Increase rate of spontaneous abortion and still birth
Neurological cretinism including deaf mutism.
Effect of iodine deficiency
Animals Pregnancy
Reduce yield of milk -Spontaneous abortion
egg, meat - still birth
reproductive failure -Infant death
- birth of iodine deficiency babies

Ill effect of iodine Childhood

deficiency Lower IQ level 10-15 points
Lack of energy
Animals Mental retardation
Muscular disorder
Adults Paralysis
Lack of energy Speech defect
Tries easily
Reduce productivity
Complication of iodine deficiency
A. Fetus stage
 Abortion
 Still birth
 Increase neonatal mortality rate
 Increase infant mortality rate
 Neurological cretinism
 Hypothyroid cretinism
B neonatal stage
 Neonatal hypothyroidism
 Goiter
Hypothyroidism C child and adolescent stage
 Retired physical and mental growth and development
D adult stage
 Goiter and its complication
 Iodine induced hypothyroidism
E all stage

 Retarded mental growth

 Loss of energy
Risk factor of iodine deficiency
Low dietary iodine
Selenium deficiency
Pregnancy
Exposure to radiation
 Gender
Age
Increased intake plasma level of goitergens such
calcium
Alcohol (reduce prevalance in user)
Treatment and Intervention
Hypothyroidism should be treated with thyroxin
hormone
• If it is Iodine deficiency goiter supplement of
potassium iodine 60mg TDS.
• Supply Iodized salt in Iodine poor area.
• Eat food rich in Iodine such as sea food, fish , sea salt,
cod liver oil ,meat , vegetable etc.
• Breast milk from adequate Iodine reserves provides
enough iodine to prevent IDD in children up to 12
month old.
.
Iodine depleted soil and lack of sea food in diet dictate
the need for long term fortification of food such as
salt or water with iodine.
In high prevalence area it is necessary to undertake
short term supplementation with iodized oil.
solution
• Iodized salt.
• Iodized oil.
• Iodized monitoring.
• Man power training.
• Mass communication.
• Hazards of iodization.
Iodized salt
 Use salt with the logo of two children
 Store in a place where heat and water won’t affect it
 Keep in vegetable and dal only after they cooked.
 Don’t wash salt with water.
• Iodized oil
 Effective intervention for people at risk
 Easy to administer.
 IM injection(mostly poppy seed oil)average dose of 1ml
will provide protection for about 4 year.
• Iodine monitoring
 Network of laboratories for monitoring and
Surveillance.
 The lab is essential for excretion determination, determination of
iodine in water, food and soil for quality control
• Man power training
 Health person engaged in the programme should be fully trained in
all aspect of goiter as well as legal enforcement and health
education.
• Mass communication
 A powerful tool for nutrition education
 Creation of public awareness very much essential
• Hazards of iodization
 Rapid heart beat
 Nervousness
 Weakness
 Heat intolerance
 Weight loss
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