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CALCULUS 2

 Integration by Trigonometric Substitution

Prepared by: Engr. Joshua Jay E. Jetomo


INTEGRATION BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION
The integrand contains an expression of the form

𝑎
Let: 𝑢
𝜃
√ 𝑎 −𝑢
2 2

The integrand contains an expression of the form

Let:
𝑢 √ 𝑎 +𝑢 2 2

𝜃
𝑎
The integrand contains an expression of the form

Let: 𝑢
√ 𝑢2 −𝑎2
𝜃
𝑎

Summary:

Integrand Let Use


𝑑𝑥
Integrand Let

𝑥 2
√4 − 𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
𝐿𝑒𝑡 :𝑥=𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ∫ sin2 𝜃 (4 )¿ ¿ ¿ ¿

𝑎 2= 4 𝑎=2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
𝑥=2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ∫ sin2 𝜃 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
PROBLEM 1. 𝑑𝑥=2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 : 1 𝑑𝜃
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃 4
∫ sin 2 𝜃
∫ 1
( 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) √ 4 −(2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
2 2
∫ 2
csc 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
𝒅𝒙 4
∫ ∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃 1
𝒙 𝟐
√𝟒− 𝒙 𝟐
sin 𝜃 √ 4 − 4 sin 𝜃
2 2
4
[ − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 ] +𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
∫ sin2 𝜃 (4 )¿ ¿ ¿ ¿

𝑑𝑥
Integrand Let
∫ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 :𝑥=𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑥 2
√4 − 𝑥 2
𝑥
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =
1 𝑎
[ − 𝑐𝑜 𝑡 𝜃 ] +𝑐
2

PROBLEM 1. 𝑎
𝑥
𝜃
√ 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2
𝒅𝒙 𝑎𝑑𝑗
❑= 2
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃= ¿
𝑜𝑝𝑠𝑥 𝑥
𝒙 𝟐
√𝟒− 𝒙 𝟐

¿
1
2

2
𝑥 (
+𝑐 ) ¿−
𝟏
𝒙
+𝒄

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