GENERAL PHYSICS 2

OPENING PRAYER
Differentiate electricity from electric current

Enumerate the components of a simple

circuit
REVIEW
Differentiate series and parallel connection

Identify the different electrical symbols.

 STATIC
ELECTRICI
TY
 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define static electricity

Explain the three mechanisms of electrical

charging
ELECTRICITY
phenomenon associated with stationary or
moving electric charges
 STATIC
ELECTRICITY CURRENT
- is the result of an - a flow of electric charge
imbalance between
negative and positive
charges in an object.
These charges can build
up on the surface of an
object until they find a
way to be released or
discharged
TERMINOLOGIES
1. conductor
2. insulator
3. positively charged
4. negatively charged
5. repulsion
6. attraction
Conductor Insulator
- electric current can flow - electric current can flow
freely freely
- implies that the outer - high resistance
electrons of the atoms are - Non metals are good
loosely bound and free to insulators
move through the material
- Metals are good conductors
TERMINOLOGIES
1. conductor
2. insulator
3. positively charged
4. negatively charged
5. repulsion
6. attraction
Positively Negatively
Charged Charged Neutral
Positively Negatively
Charged Charged Neutral

# of proton > # of electron # of electron > # of proton # of proton = # of electron

TERMINOLOGIES
1. conductor
2. insulator
3. positively charged
4. negatively charged
5. repulsion
6. attraction
Repulsion Attraction
 Repulsion Attraction

Unlike charges repel

Like charges attract
Example:
1. Positively charged and positively charged
Example:

2. Negatively charged and negatively 1. positively charged and negatively

charged charged
Charing by friction or
rubbing
MECHANIS
M OF
Charging by
ELECTRICA
Conduction
L
CHARGING
Charging by
Induction
 is the process of rubbing two different materials
FIRST: together that produced charged objects

CHARGING is the simplest way to give something a charge

BY
FRICTION Since the two objects are made of different
materials, their atoms will hold onto their electrons
OR with different strengths

RUBBING As they pass over each other the electrons with

weaker bonds are “ripped” off one material and
collect on the other material
CHARGING BY FRICTION OR
RUBBING
- Which one can transfer easily to another object? Is
it electron, proton or neutron?
CHARGING BY FRICTION OR
RUBBING
- Which one can transfer easily to another object? Is it
electron, proton or neutron?
Why not proton or neutron?
- Strong Nuclear Force holds the proton and neutron
together in the nucleus.
CHARGING BY FRICTION OR
RUBBING
The electrostatic series or triboelectric series helps to
determine whether an object will become positively or
negatively charged when it is rubbed with a different material.
◦ For two materials, look at their positions in the
electrostatic series.
◦ *The material closer to the top of the list will lose electrons
and become positively charged.
◦ *The material near the bottom of the list will gain electrons
and become negatively charged.
(*may differ with other illustration)
CHARGING BY FRICTION OR
RUBBING
**SEE PhET SIMULATION:
Balloons and Static Electricity
 SECOND: Conduction just means
that the two objects

CHARGING BY
will come into actual
physical contact with
each other

CONDUCTION
• Conduction
Conduction : a charged object TOUCHES another
object – electrons
Negative To Neutraljump from one to the other in an
attempt to EQUALIZE the charge on both objects.

- -

Excess electrons exert repulsive forces

on one another, causing them to
move apart as much as possible

BOTH now have the same charge!

CHARGING BY CONDUCTION
CHARGING
BY
CONDUCTION
◦*Notice that this also means a
negative object causes a
negative charge on the other
object.

◦*What would happen if you

used a positive metal rod at the
start to touch the electroscope?
Conduction
Positive To Neutral

+ +

Electrons in the neutral object experience

an attractive force. They neutralize some of the
positive charge, leaving both with a lack of
electrons

BOTH now have the same charge!

CHARGING BY CONDUCTION
 • When a negatively
charged rod is held near
one sphere, electrons in
the metal are repelled

THIRD:
by the rod.
• Excess negative charge
has moved to the other

CHARGING BY sphere, leaving the first

sphere with an excess
positive charge.

INDUCTION • The charge on the

spheres has been
redistributed or
induced.
• Induction
Induction : a charged object comes near another
Negative To Neutral
object WITHOUT TOUCHING – causes it to
POLARIZE

- Polarization

+ -
Excess electrons exert force
against nearby electrons in the
neutral object
Induction
Positive To Neutral

+ Polarization

- +

Electrons in the neutral object experience

an attractive force, which pulls them
closer to the charged object
Charging by Induction
Charging by induction occurs during
thunderstorms.

The negatively charged bottoms of clouds

induce a positive charge on the surface of
Earth below.

Most lightning is an electrical discharge

between oppositely charged parts of clouds.

The kind of lightning we are most familiar with

is the electrical discharge between clouds and
oppositely charged ground below.
Charging by Induction
If a rod is placed above a building and
connected to the ground, the point of the rod
collects electrons from the air.

This prevents a buildup of positive charge by

induction.

The primary purpose of the lightning rod is to

prevent a lightning discharge from occurring.

If lightning does strike, it may be attracted to

the rod and short-circuited to the ground,
sparing the building.
LAW OF
CONSERVATIO
N OF CHARGES
It states that charge is always
conserved. When all objects
involved are considered prior
to and after a given process,
we notice that the total
amount of charge among the
objects is the same before
the process starts as it is after
the process ends. 
GENERALIZATION

Define static electricity

Explain the three mechanisms of electrical

charging
REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS
PERPETUALITE CORE VALUES
Love of Country and Good Governance:
Employers should follow and strictly
implement rules for safety concerning static
electricity