Classification of maxillary

extraction forceps.
What are the extraction forceps?
• These instruments are specifically designed for
removing teeth from their sockets. Extraction
forceps are used to deliver previously luxated
teeth and should not be used to pull teeth out of
their sockets. Furthermore, when used under
controlled forces, the extraction forceps can
expand the alveolar bone.
 Components of
extraction forceps:
1. Handle: This is the part that the
operator understands and applies
forces to. It could be serrated to
allow a firm grip and prevent
slippage.
2. Hinge: It connects the forceps'
two halves. The hinge focuses and
directs forces from the handle to the
beaks.
3. Beaks: The functional component
that directs applied forces to the
target tooth. It is custom-made to fit
the cervical portion of the tooth and
varies depending on the anatomy of
the tooth to be extracted.
Types of extraction forceps:
• Maxillary extraction forceps:
A. Anterior extraction forceps
B. Premolar extraction forceps
C. Molar extraction forceps
D. Variations for maxillary forceps
• Maxillary third molar forceps
• Maxillary cow-horn molar forceps
• Maxillary root tip forceps
• Mandibular extraction forceps:
Maxillary Forceps:
A. Anterior extraction forceps:

• The six anterior maxillary teeth (from right canine to left canine) are extracted
with these forceps. When viewed from the top and sides, the forceps are
generally straight, with the handle and beaks on the same level.
• To accommodate the single root of these teeth, the beaks are concave on both
sides.
B. Premolar extraction forceps:
• This forceps is used to extract the upper first and second premolars on both sides
of the dental arch. When viewed from the side, the forceps have a slight S-shape
configuration (two curves). This helps to direct forces to the tooth's long axis
while also accommodating the oral cavity and avoiding trauma to the opposite
dentation and the lower lip. To fit the root trunks of these teeth, the beaks are
smooth and concave on both sides.
C. Molar
extraction forceps:
This forceps is used for maxillary
first and second molar tooth
extraction. When viewed from the
side, it has an S-shape
configuration, similar to premolar
forceps. Because maxillary molars
have three roots, one palatal and
two buccal, the beaks are designed
with a pointed hook for the buccal
bifurcation and a smooth concave
beak for the single palatal root.
This necessitates the use of these
forceps in pairs, right and left.
• (A) Maxillary right molar forceps, (B)
Maxillary left molar forceps, (C) Right and
left maxillary forceps’ beaks
D. Variations for maxillary forceps:
1) Maxillary third molar forceps:
• Because of the posterior position of the third molar, this forceps is considered the
longest among maxillary extraction forceps. In order to reflect the wide
anatomical variations of 3rd molar roots, the beaks are smooth and concave
2)Maxillary cow-horn molar forceps:
• This forceps is primarily used for extracting severely carious maxillary molars. It
has sharply pointed beaks that reach deep into the trifurcation. It can generate
powerful forces that, if not used properly, can fracture the buccal plate.
3)Maxillary root tip forceps:
• This forceps has a straight handle and beaks that are angled, offset, and narrow. It
is primarily used for the extraction of upper retained roots.