Human eye

PaedDr. Jozef Beňuška

jbenuska@nextra.sk
Eye is an optical instrument that consists of:
– lens (biconvex lens)
– retina (place, at which the image is formed)

The properties of the image:

– real
– diminished
– inverted
Accommodation
– is the ability of the eye to change the focal length of the lens by changing the
curvature of the eye lens
– allows the eye to automatically adjust focus from seeing things at a distance and
“tune” it to seeing nearer objects

1 1 1 f
 / 
a a f

/
a
– when the object is moved closer to the eye, the image
distance does not change – the optical power has to be
changed
Accommodation of normal eye
Near point of the eye – is the closest point to the eye at which an object can be
seen clearly (the greatest accommodation)

Near point

Far point of the eye – is the furthest point from the eye at which an object can be
seen clearly (eye is without accommodation)


Far point
Visual distance – distance from the object to the eye at which we can see clearly
(read, write, see without being tired)

d = 25 cm
Sight defects – occur when the eye cannot form a sharp image on retina
1. Short sightedness

normal

Sight defect´s eye

Correction by concave lens

– the eye cannot see far away objects clearly

– is caused by over-strong eye muscles
2. Long sightedness

Normal

Eye defect

Correction by convex lens

– is caused by weak eye muscles

– can see distant objects clearly, but they cannot focus properly on near objects