Immaculate Conception Academy

LENS
AND THE
EYE
WHAT ARE THESE
THINGS?
WHAT CAN YOU
OBS E RVE ?
DO YOU KNOW
THEIR USES?
WHAT ARE THEY MADE UP
FOR?
CAN YOU EXPLAIN HOW
THEY WORK?
 LE NS
A LENS IS A PIECE OF MATERIAL
IN WHICH LIGHT CAN PASS
THROUGH AND IS USED TO
REFRACT LIGHT. A LENS FORMS
AN IMAGE BY REFRACTING
LIGHT RAYS THAT PASS
THROUGH IT.
 LE NS
• A CONCAVE LENS IS
THINNER IN THE
MIDDLE THAN AT THE
EDGES AND CAUSES
LIGHT RAYS TO
SPREAD APART
(DIVERGENCE).
• INWARDS AT ITS
CENTER
 Uses of C oncave lens:

- Flashlights
- Lasers
- Peepholes
- Street lights
- Eyeglasses (NEAR-
SIGHTEDNESS)
 Advantages of Concave Lens

- It magnifies objects and make them appear closer.

- help focus images more clearly for the viewer.
- it helps to correct nearsightedness (myopia).
- Can be used in cameras.
- Gives wide overview of an entire area.
 Advantages of Concave Lens

- It magnifies objects and make them appear closer.

- help focus images more clearly for the viewer.
- it helps to correct nearsightedness (myopia).
- Can be used in cameras.
- Gives wide overview of an entire area.
 LE NS
A CONVEX LENS OR
MAGNIFYING GLASS
IS THICKER IN THE
MIDDLE THEN ON THE
ENDS WHICH CAUSES
THE LIGHT RAYS
FOCUSN (CONVERGE).
 Uses of C onve x lens:

-CONVEX LENS CAN BE USED IN

CAMERAS.
-MAGNIFYING GLASSES WHICH
PRODUCES A MAGNIFIED
(LARGER) IMAGE OF AN OBJECT.
-MICROSCOPE AND TELESCOPE.
-SPECTACLES (FAR -
SIGHTEDNESS)
-HUMAN EYE
 Advantages of Convex Lens

- one of the advantages of a convex lens is that it can enlarge

images or objects.
- Can be used for far-sightedness.
- Great help for scientist in terms of conducting experiment.
MAKING A WAT ER L ENS (C ONVEX)
 EXPLANATION
• The arrow looks like it has changed direction because of something
called refraction. Refraction happens when light passes through one
transparent (clear) thing into another, in this case, from air through
the glass and water. This is sometimes called the bending of light. So
the light bends when it enters the water and then bends again when it
leaves the water, which is why the image ends up looking flipped!
• Did you know? Refraction is why glasses help us to see better. The
light refracts through the lenses and into our eye which makes the
image more focused.
AC TIVITY: VIRTUAL
LAB

https://
ophysic s. c om/
l12.h tml
FILL U P T H E TA B L E B E LOW:
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ACADEMY

THE
HUMAN
EYE
GENERAL PHYSICS II - OPTICS
EYE

Organ
for
• Jou rn ey to t he c orne a
• Ente rs pupi l- re a c ts:
e xpa nding/ con stra c ting
• le ns - a djus ta ble - c a n move -
a llo wing to e ye foc us
• Re t ina
• One end of the opti c ne rve i s
loc a te d at the b a ck of ea c h
e ye bal l, a nd e a c h t ra ve ls
se pa rat el y to the brai n. The
inve rte d im ag e re ce ive d by
the opt ic n erve i s tra nsporte d
to t he bra in in im puls es ,
whe re it i s co rre c te d.
PARTS
• CORN E A ( F R O N T )
• INCO MI N G L I G H T
FIRS T PA S S E S
T HRO U G H T H E
CORN E A .
• IT SE RV E S TO
PRO T E CT T H E E Y E
AND RE F R A CT
MOS T O F T H E
INCI D E N T L I G H T.
PARTS
2. PUP I L ( F RO N T )
• DARK CIRCLE INSIDE
THE CENTER OF THE
EYE.
• THE PUPIL IS LARGE
WHEN LIGHT IS LOW
OR IT IS DARK
OUTSIDE AND TINY
WHEN IT IS VERY
SUNNY/BRIGHT.
PARTS

3. IRIS ( F R O N T )
• COLORED CIRCLE OF
THE EYE.
• IT IS IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT
CONTROLS THE SIZE
OF THE PUPIL.
PARTS

4. CRY S TA L L I N E L E N S
CLEAR CONVEX
STRUCTURE AT THE
BACK OF THE PUPIL. IT
CAN FOCUS ON OBJECTS
AT DIFFERENT
DISTANCES BY
CHANGING ITS SHAPE.
PARTS
5. CI LLI ARY MUSCLES
• RELAX WHEN THE LENS
FOCUSES ON DISTANT
OBJECTS; THEY
CONTRACT AND TIGHTEN
WHEN THE LENS
FOCUSES ON NEARBY
OBJECTS.
• ACCOMODATION
• ABILITY OF THE EYE TO
FOCUS ON OBJECTS AT
DIFFERENT DISTANCES.
PARTS
6. RETI NA
• AREA AT THE BACK OF
THE EYE THAT RECEIVES
THE REFINED, VISUAL
MESSAGE FROM THE
FRONT EYE, AND IT
TRANSMITS THAT
VISUAL MESSAGE TO
THE BRAIN USING
ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.
PARTS
7. MACULA
• SMALL SENSITIVE AREA
WITHIN THE RETINA
THAT GIVES CENTRAL
VISION. IT IS LOCATED
IN THE CENTER OF THE
RETINA AND CONTAINS
THE FOVEA.
PARTS
8. FOVEA
• PROVIDES THE
CLEAREST VISION OF
ALL
PARTS
9. BLI ND SPOT
• THE POINT IN THE
RETINA WHERE THE
OPTIC NERVES EXIT.
PARTS
10. OPTIC NERVES
• CARRY IMAGES FROM
THE RETINA TO THE
BRAIN.
PARTS
11. SCLERA (FRONT )
• THIS EYE PART IS THE
PROTECTIVE, OUTER
LAYER OF THE EYE. IT IS
MADE UP OF ELASTIC –
LIKE FIBERS CALLED
ELSTIN AND COLLAGEN,
A COMMON
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
FOUND IN MAMMALS.
PARTS
12. EYE LI DS (FRONT)
• THE HUMAN EYELIDS OPENS
AND CLOSES REFRACTED BY
THE LEVATOR PALBRAE
SUPERIORIS MUSCLE. IT
FEATURES A ROW OF
EYELASHES ALONG THE
EYELID MARGIN, W/C SERVE
TO HEIGHTEN THE
PROTECTION OF THE EYE
FROM DUST AND FOREIGN
DEBRIS, AS WELL AS FROM
PERSPIRATION.
PARTS
13. LENS
• FOCUSES LIGHT ONTO
THE RETINA
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ACADEMY

CAMERA AND
HUMAN EYE
OUR EYES WORK LIKE
CAMERA'S!
Your eyes are a bit like
something else that captures
images of the world: a
camera
 HUMAN EYE VS. CAMERA

The human eye lets us

see the world by sending
impulses to our nervous
system. In many ways, it
is very similar to other
optical devices, including
cameras.
CAMERA AND
HUMAN EYE
SIMILARITIES
QUIZZIZ
Camera part Function in the camera Structure in the eye performing a similar role

Lens
Camera part Function in the camera Structure in the eye performing a similar role

Focusing screw
Camera part Function in the camera Structure in the eye performing a similar role

Aperture
Camera part Function in the camera Structure in the eye performing a similar role

Shutter
Camera part Function in the camera Structure in the eye performing a similar role

Shutter
CAMERA AND
HUMAN EYE
DIFFERENCES
 Absolute versus subjective measuring of Lens Focus Sensitivity to light
light

Human Eye Subjective device The lens changes shape to focus: The Our eyes have a greater sensitivity in
muscles in your eyes change the dark locations than a typical camera.
actual shape of the lens inside your
eyes.
 Absolute versus subjective measuring of Lens Focus Sensitivity to light
light

Camera Absolute measurement device The lens moves closer/further from A film in a camera is uniformly
the film to focus. sensitive to light.
 OPTICAL
DEFECTS OF THE
EYE
Myo
pia
Only near objects can therefore be seen clearly,
and the eye has a far-point as well as a near-
point.

This defect can be corrected by the use of

spectacles which employ diverging lenses.
 Hypermetr
The near-point is much
farther from the eye than opia
This defect is
corrected by using
normal, and in extreme converging
cases it is not even possible
spectacle lenses.
to read a book. (Far-
sightedness)
Cannot see near objects
 Presbyo
pia
Can be cause by aging,
because as people get
older the ciliary muscles
weaken and the eye
loses some of its
elasticity. Converging spectacle lenses
are employed as in the case of
Hypermetropia, but the patient
only requires these for reading
work, since vision for distant
objects is unimpaired.
 Astigmat
• Point objects do not form point
images on the retina. This
normally due to the cornea’s ism
having unequal curvature in
different directions.
• The defect is corrected by the use
of cylindrical spectacle lenses.
ASSIGNMEN
T “The Eyes
are the
Windows of
RUBRIC:
INTRODUCTION (ORGANIZATION)
FOCUS ON TOPIC (CONTENT)
our Soul”
CONCLUSION (ORGANIZATION)
GRAMMAR AND SPELLING