RESEARCH

PRESENTING AND
PUBLISHING SKILLS
J.ARTHY.
SRMIST,
Ramapuram
AGENDA
⩥Literature review
⩥Literature review types
⩥Writing problem statement
⩥Limitations
⩥Methodology and tools used
LITERATURE
REVIEW

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 ‘A researcher cannot perform significant research
without first understanding the literature in the field’
(Boote and Beile, 2005)
 What is the literature
review?
⩥ A literature review summarises, critically
analyses and evaluates previous research
available on the subject, presenting this in an
organised way.
⩥ It should address a clearly articulated question or
series of questions
⩥ It is NOT:
⊳ A descriptive list or summaries of
books/articles etc
⊳ An exhaustive bibliography on everything
ever written on the topic- you need to make a
decision about what to include
⊳ Your arguments and ideas (like an essay)
⩥ Develops an argument by summarising (present key information)
and synthesis (reorganisation of information)
⩥ Distinguishes what has already been done and identifies what
needs to be done
⩥ Key developments in the literature (research landscape)
⩥ How your work connects with current literature needs to be
explicit.
⩥ framework where new findings are compared to previous findings
presented in the literature.
Approaching the literature review
⩥ To complete a literature review requires planning,
time, reading, writing, drafting, reflection and
editing.
⩥ A successful literature review has a firm idea of the
research problem and an understanding of the
research framework/paradigm.
⩥ conduct preliminary research which will help you
narrow your focus and identity key search terms.
 Boolean operators
Command Purpose
AND Looks for articles that include all search
terms/keywords
OR Looks for articles that include any of the search
terms
NOT Excludes articles that include specific keyword
 Reading
⩥ What are the relevant sources that you need?
⩥ Produce a bibliography which will also act as your reading list.
⩥ Read, read and read some more!
⩥ Once you have familiarised yourself with the literature, annotate the
bibliography.
⩥ Annotation is a brief overview/summary of the main point/s of each
article.
⩥ Once an overview of the literature has been obtained, develop your
focus.
⩥ The annotation provides you with a list of sources which needs to be
turned into a review of the literature organised around ideas.
 PQRS
Preview Preliminary reading (reading abstract, introduction, 1 st sentence of each paragraph
and conclusion). Only read thoroughly when you are certain the information is
relevant to your research area.

Questions What do you need to find out? What are the main questions and conclusions of the
paper? Are there possible alternative interpretations of the literature?

Reading Be Active! Search for answers to the questions.

Summarise Take selective notes. Use colour and space to organise .
 Question the readings
⩥ What are the shared themes, ideas or issues
presented?
⩥ Does there appear to be a gap missing?
⩥ What trends/developments are evident in the
literature?
⩥ What theoretical approaches have you identified?
 Research Questions
Identify three questions that your literature will answer. Key topics will be discussed in
these questions. What questions do you need to ask in order to obtain the answers that
will enable you to respond to the research problem?

Example

Thesis statement
⩥ ‘Information and Communication Technology allows employees to be constantly
tethered to their ICT’.
Questions:
⩥ What are the intended consequences of ICT use?
⩥ What are the unintended consequences of ICT use?
⩥ How does ICT use allow employers to expropriate from employees?
Literature Review approaches
⩥ Chronological: depending on the nature of your
literature and development of ideas, a
chronological approach will present the
development of a key trend and/or progressions
and changes in practices.
⩥ Thematic/conceptual: Time is not a factor here.
The review of the literature will be around
particular topics/issues/theories.
⩥ Methodological: This review focuses on the
methodological or paradigmatic approaches to
your material.
 Example structure
Introduction
⩥ Thesis statement
⩥ Purpose of the review and concise overview of the research problem
⩥ Outlines the organisational pattern of the review/sequence of themes covered and the scope of the
research
⩥ Limits, inclusion/exclusion criteria should be clearly outlined.
Body
⩥ Summarisation and Synthesis (discusses and presents findings from the literature)
⩥ Ensure continuity by summarising each theme/section and present how it relates to following
section.
Conclusion
⩥ Concise summary of the findings
⩥ Presents a rationale for conducting future research
⩥ Identified gaps in the literature should lead logically onto the purpose of the proposed study
(Cronin, Ryan and Coughlan, 2008)
 Common Mistakes to avoid

⩥ Failure to link the findings of the literature review to your own

study
⩥ Does not start the reading process early and fails to identify
suitable sources
⩥ Does not refer to primary sources (lazy research)
⩥ Absence of criticality and accepting findings as valid without
questioning all aspects of the research design
⩥ Produces an annotated bibliography
 TYPES OF
LITERATURE
REVIEW

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 TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEW
⩥ Narrative
⩥ Systematic
⩥ Scoping
⩥ Argumentative
⩥ Integrative
⩥ Theoretical
⩥ Historical
⩥ Methodological
 NARRATIVE
⩥ It also referred to as traditional literature review,
critiques literature and summarizes the body of a
literature.
⩥ It also draws conclusions.
⩥ about the topic and identifies gaps or
inconsistencies in a body of knowledge.
⩥ Need to have a sufficiently focused research
question
 SYSTEMATIC
⩥ It requires more rigorous and well-defined
approach compared to most other types of
literature review.
⩥ It is a comprehensive and details the timeframe
within which the literature was selected.
⩥ It can be divided into two categories: meta-
analysis and meta-synthesis.
⩥ When you conduct meta-analysis you take findings from several studies
on the same subject and analyze these using standardized statistical
procedures.
⩥ In meta-analysis patterns and relationships are detected and conclusions
are drawn. Meta-analysis is associated with deductive research
approach.
⩥ Meta-synthesis, on the other hand, is based on non-statistical
techniques. This technique integrates, evaluates and interprets findings
of multiple qualitative research studies.
⩥ Meta-synthesis literature review is conducted usually when following
inductive research approach.
 SCOPING
⩥ As implied by its name is used to identify the
scope or coverage of a body of literature on a given
topic.
⩥ It has been noted that “scoping reviews are useful
for examining emerging evidence when it is still
unclear what other, more specific questions can be
posed and valuably addressed by a more precise
systematic review.”.
 ARGUMENTIVE
⩥ As the name implies, examines literature selectively in order
to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded
assumption, or philosophical problem already established in
the literature.
⩥ It should be noted that a potential for bias is a major
shortcoming associated with argumentative literature review.
⩥ The purpose is to develop a body of literature that establishes
a contrarian viewpoint.
 INTEGRATIVE
⩥ It critiques, and synthesizes secondary data about
research topic in an integrated way such that new
frameworks and perspectives on the topic are
generated.
⩥ If your research does not involve primary data
collection and data analysis, then using integrative
literature review will be your only option.
 THEORETICAL REVIEW
⩥  It focuses on a pool of theory that has accumulated in regard
to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena.
⩥ It play an instrumental role in establishing what theories
already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree
existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new
hypotheses to be tested.
 HISTORICAL
⩥ Few things rest in isolation from historical precedent.
⩥ It focused on examining research throughout a period
of time, often starting with the first time an issue,
concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature,
then tracing its evolution.
⩥ The purpose is to place research in a historical context
to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments
and to identify the likely directions for future research.
 METHODOLOGICAL
⩥ A review does not always focus on what someone said [content],
but how they said it [method of analysis].
⩥ This approach provides a framework of understanding at different
levels (i.e. those of theory, substantive fields, research approaches and
data collection and analysis techniques)
⩥ It enables researchers to draw on a wide variety of knowledge ranging
from the conceptual level to practical documents for use quantitative
and qualitative integration, sampling, interviewing, data collection and
data analysis, and helps highlight many ethical issues which we should
be aware of and consider as we go through our study.
 WRITING
PROBLEM
STATEMENT

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A problem statement is a move that a document makes to help
the reader realize why that document is important.

Problem statements can be:

formal (thesis statements), or

informal (a sentence that tells readers how a new
development or discovery will effect them)
An example of a formal problem statement would be
the thesis statement that should appear at the outset of
your document.

For Example:
One of the problems faced by college admissions offices is
whether to give precedence to applicants with strong test scores
or to applicants with a variety of extracurricular activities.
When using formal problem statements be sure to keep
them specific, state only what you:

Will be discussing in text of the document, and

Can support with evidence.

To write strong problem statements, you
need to know:

• What your readers already know

about the topic of the document,
and

• How you will highlight the

significance of your document.
You need to analyze your audience and gauge their
knowledge of the following areas:

1. Terminology
2. Shared beliefs/mindsets
Specialized terminology: words or phrases that might
not be easily understood by readers from different
backgrounds.

For Example:
When an applied linguist uses the terms L1 and L2 to refer to a
person’s first and second languages.
The idea of shared beliefs and mindsets
relates to the values an audience holds
and how these can change the way that
they interpret or understand the
statements you make.
Shared beliefs and mindsets often
appear in the assumptions that underlie a
text.
1. Contains underlying assumptions about shared beliefs:
“We believe this research could lead to a development of more
specialized techniques for treating the autism spectrum.”

2. States the underlying assumptions in specific terms:

“…and such techniques are important because the autism spectrum
encompasses a number of disorders, and right now there is not
enough specialized treatment for each specific disorder.”
LIMITATIONS

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 Limitations

⩥ Lack of relevance
⩥ Mission Creep
⩥ Lack of transparency
⩥ Lack of Comprehensiveness
⩥ Selection bias
⩥ Inappropriate synthesis
METHODOLOGY

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 TOOLS FOR
LITERATURE
REVIEW

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TOOLS FOR LITERATURE REVIEW
⩥ Scispace Discover
Find the right information
Assess credibility of papers
Get the complete picture
Conveniently refer sources
⩥ Zotero
Import research articles to your database
Add Bibliography in variety of formats
share your research
⩥ Mendeley
Generate Citations and Bibliographies
Retrieve references
Add PDF’s
Read and annotate documents
⩥ Sysrev
Group labels
Track reviewer performance
Tool of concordance
WEBSITE NAME REVIEW RATIN IMAGES TIMESTAM
G P

AMAZON SANDY 1st. Bass is just awesome... 5 /5

2nd comfortable not that much
comfortable however after some time YES YES YES
you used to it. So i give 3/5
3rd noise cancelling is not good u can
do only normal calling...
4th built Quality is good 👍 4/5
So after using one month I give this
rating however I order just for music
so as per me it's awesome headphone
for music lover... Go for it guys...

AMAZON SRIKANTH Works ok, and I can handle my calls

and listening to music.
Cant use it for long but can use it for YES YES YES
all purposes.

TRIPADVIS NOT AVAILABLE The service aren't enough food,, value NO NO NO

OR or atmosphere ratings for Nihonshu
Genka Sakagura Shinjuku East
Entrance, Japan yet. Be one of the first
to write a review!
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Thank you ! QUERIES?

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