HEA

RT
GROUP 6:

MALINDATO NORHAIMAH LODRITA

MANGKIKIS CHERRILYN ITABLE

MATIVO CHRISTIAN DAVE

ORILLO MARICHIN C.

ORO DARLENE LAWAT

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 ‘’Does emotions a
product of Brain
function or Heart
function?’’
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 THE HEART
 The heart is a muscular organ that is essential for life
because it pumps blood through the body.
 Like a pump that forces water to flow through a pipe,
the heart contracts forcefully to pump blood through the
blood vessels of the body.
 At rest, the heart of a healthy adult pumps blood at the
rate of approximately 5 L/min (1.3 gal/min) or 7200
L/day (1900 gal/day). During short periods of vigorous
exercise, the amount of blood pumped by the heart can
increase to 20 L/min or more. If the heart loses its
pumping ability for even a few minutes, however, blood
flow through the blood vessels stops, and the life of the
individual is in danger.
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 FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART:

1. Generating Blood Pressure.

-Contractions of the heart generate blood
pressure, which is required for blood flow
through the blood vessels.
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 FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART:
2. Routing Blood -The heart is two pumps, moving blood through the
pulmonary and systemic circulations. The pulmonary (pu˘l′mo¯-na¯r-e¯)
circulation is the flow of blood from the heart through the lungs back to the
heart. Blood in the pulmonary circulation picks up oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide in the lungs. The systemic circulation is the flow of blood
from the heart through the body back to the heart. Blood in the systemic
circulation delivers oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide in the body’s
tissues (figure 17.1).
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 FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART:

3. Regulating Blood Supply

- Changes in the rate and force of heart
contraction match blood flow to the changing
metabolic needs of the tissues during rest,
exercise, and changes in body position.
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 THE SIZE, SHAPE, AND LOCATION OF
THE HEART
● The heart is located underneath the sternum in a thoracic
compartment called the mediastinum, which occupies the
space between the lungs.
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 THE SIZE, SHAPE, AND LOCATION OF THE
HEART
 It is approximately the size of a man’s fist (230-350
grams) and is shaped like an inverted cone.
 About two thirds of the heart’s mass is located to the left
of the body’s midline.
 The adult heart is shaped like a blunt cone and is
approximately the size of a closed fist. It is larger in
physically active adults than in less active but otherwise
healthy adults.
 The narrow end of the heart, which is called the apex, is
directed downward and to the left.
 It is located at the approximate level of the fifth or sixth
rib, just above the arch of the diaphragm.
 The broad end of the heart is called the base and gives
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rise to the major blood vessels.

 It is directed upward and to the right and lies at the
approximate level of the second rib.
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 THE LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF THE
CORONARY ARTERIES
CORONARY ARTERIES

 Coronary arteries supply blood to the

heart muscle. Like all other tissues in
the body, the heart muscle needs
oxygen-rich blood to function. Also,
oxygen-depleted blood must be
carried away. The coronary arteries
wrap around the outside of the heart.
Small branches dive into the heart
muscle to bring it blood.
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 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CORONARY
ARTERIES?
The 2 main coronary arteries are the left main and right coronary arteries.

 Left main coronary artery (LMCA)-supplies blood to the left side of the
heart muscle (the left ventricle and left atrium). The left main coronary
divides into branches:

o The left anterior descending artery branches off the left coronary
artery and supplies blood to the front of the left side of the heart.

o The circumflex artery branches off the left coronary artery and
encircles the heart muscle. This artery supplies blood to the outer
side and back of the heart.
 Right coronary artery (RCA)-supplies blood to the right ventricle, the
right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes,
which regulate the heart rhythm. The right coronary artery divides into
smaller branches, including the right posterior descending artery and the
acute marginal artery. Together with the left anterior descending artery,
the right coronary artery helps supply blood to the middle or septum of
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the heart.
● Smaller branches of the coronary arteries include obtuse marginal
(OM), septal perforator (SP), and diagonals.
 WHY ARE THE CORONARY ARTERIES
IMPORTANT?
 Since coronary arteries deliver blood to the heart muscle,
any coronary artery disorder or disease can have serious
implications by reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients
to the heart muscle. This can lead to a heart attack and
possibly death. Atherosclerosis (a buildup of plaque in
the inner lining of an artery causing it to narrow or become
blocked) is the most common cause of heart disease.
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 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART

The heart has four chambers:

Two Atria and Two Ventricles.

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 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART
• The superior chambers consist of the right atrium and left atrium (plural, atria: L.,
corridor). which lie primarily on the posterior side of the heart.

-The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
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-The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART
 Extending anteriorly from each thin-walled atrium is a small, ear shaped appendage
called an auricle (l., auricula, little ear) that expands the volume of the chamber. Blood
drains into the atria from the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems.
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 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART  Making up the lower chambers are the right ventricle and left ventricle (L.,
ventriculus, a little belly), which are much larger than the atria.

 The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary circulatory system and
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the thicker-walled left ventricle pumps blood through the long systemic circulatory
system.
 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART
 Internally, the two ventricles are separated by a thick myocardial
wall called the interventricular septum.
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 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART
 On the anterior surface of the heart. the interventricular septum is marked by a
shallow diagonal groove known as the anterior interventricular sulcus (or
groove), which is occupied by the anterior interventricular artery, great cardiac
vein, and adipose tissue.
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 THE CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART
 On the posterior surface of the heart, the ventricles are separated by the
posterior interventricular sulcus (or groove), which contains the posterior
interventricular artery, middle cardiac vein, and adipose tissue.
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 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
WHAT IS A HEART VALVE?
 Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout your
body. Heart valves are parts of your heart that act like doors.
They open and close to let blood flow from one area of your
heart to another. They help ensure that blood moves at the
right time and in the correct direction. As the valves open and
close, they create two sounds, which are your heartbeat.
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 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
 Four valves maintain the unidirectional flow of blood through the heart. The valves are
located between the atria and ventricles and in the two arteries that empty blood from
the ventricles.
 The valves allow blood to flow into and out of the ventricles but prevent the backflow of
blood. This ensures one-way flow of blood through the heart.
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 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
 They are composed mostly of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the heart walls. The
external surfaces of the valves are covered by endocardium that consist of a double layer of
endocardium with connective tissue in between.
1. The right atrioventricular valve (or AV valve) controls blood flow from the right atrium to the
right ventricle. They also prevent blood from flowing backward from the right ventricle to the
right atrium. Because it is composed of three cusps or flaps this valve is also called the
tricuspid valve.
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 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
● The left atrioventricular valve (or AV valve) allow blood to flow from the lungs
into the left atrium. And they prevent backward flow from the left ventricle to the left
atrium. It is made up of two cusps or flaps, so it is often called the bicuspid valve.
The term mitral valve is also commonly applied because the left AV valve is
shaped somewhat like a bishop’s miter (L., mitra, headdress).
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 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
● Thin, tendon-like cords (chordae tendineae) connect the AV valves to cone-
shaped muscles that extend upward from the myocardium (the papillary
muscles).
● The chordae tendineae and papillary muscles tether the AV valves to the
ventricular walls. This allows the valves to close properly and not bulge (or
prolapse) into the atria.

Chordae tendineae
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Papillary muscles
 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
● Semilunar valves (L., semis, half + Luna, moon) direct blood flow from the
ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk artery. The aortic semilunar valve
is in the aorta and the pulmonary semilunar valve is in the pulmonary trunk. 
1) Aortic valve: They open to let blood flow from your heart’s left ventricle to the
aorta. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in your body. It brings oxygenated
blood from your heart to the rest of your body. The aortic valve prevents
backward flow from the aorta into the left ventricle.
2) Pulmonary valve: They allow blood to pump from the right ventricle to the
pulmonary artery. This artery leads to the lungs, where blood picks up oxygen.
The pulmonary valve prevents blood from going backward from the pulmonary
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artery to the right ventricle.

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 THE VALVES OF THE HEART
AND THEIR LOCATION AND
FUNCTION
The valves are located in the vessels just above the openings to ventricles and consists of
three pocketlike semilunar cusps.
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