SCIENCE 6

Forces That Affect Changes on the Earth’s Surface

Layers of the
Earth
Maylene M. Tubig
M.Kalaw MS
Are you familiar with
earth’s layer?
Can you describe it?
What can you say about the earth?
 What additional
information have
you learn about the
video you have just watched?
Tell something about the
different layers of the
earth and how they are
connected to the changes
of the earth’s surface.
There are basically 2 types of changes that occur to
the earth’s surface ;
1. Slow change
• slow change takes time and has a process.
• dissolves chemicals in the atmosphere and this
solution causes chemical reactions on the
various surfaces it falls on thereby weakening
those surfaces
2. Fast change
* Fast changes occur through the actions of
Earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, etc.
 Group Activity:
Each group will make a
drawing of an earth
showing the different
layers.Let them label
each part.
The earth is made up of
layers.
These layers are the
crust, the mantle, and the
outer core and inner
core.
At the very surface of the Earth is the
crust, the topmost layer, made mostly
out of solid silicate rocks like basalt and
granite.
We humans live on top of the crust.
Continental crust, the crust under which the
continents are built, is 10-70 km thick
Oceanic crust or the crust under the oceans, is
only 5-7 km thick.
The mantle is the second layer of
the earth. It is split up into two
different parts, the :
• lithosphere
(which is the top part)
• asthenosphere
(which is the bottom part).
The lithosphere is a
dense rock made out of
iron and nickel,
the temperature is around
300 to 500 degrees
celsius.
The asthenosphere is a
plastic like fluid and is
around 4500 degrees
celsius.
The mantle has the biggest volume of all the
layers, the volume of it is 84% of the earth. It
is 1,800 miles deep or 2,900 kilometers deep.
In the mantle are convection currents which
make the mantle move. The lower mantle
heats up and rises and cools down then gets
pushed down because it is heavier. Then I
keeps going on like that. The mantle grows a
meter a year.
 Outer core
The outer core is a liquid made
up of iron and nickel. The
temperature of the outer core
is around 4400 degrees
celsius. The depth of the outer
core is 2, 890.
 Inner core
The Inner crust is the second thinnest layer. The
inner core is hotter than the surface of the sun. The
inner core is made out of iron and nickel. It is 5159
to 6378 km thick. The inner core is extremely hot
and is the last layer. The inner core is 5505 degrees
celsius. It is a solid because of all the pressure from
the other layers putting there weight onto this layer.
The inner core grows.
Let’s see what you ‘ve got!
 Let’s try this!
.1. The coolest layer of the earth is
A) crust
B) outer core
C) inner core
D) mantle
2. The crust is made mostly of
A) copper and magnesium
B) nitrogen
C) iron and nickel
D) oxygen and silicon
3. The mantle is the largest layer
A) True
B) False
4. An egg shell is a good model of the crust because
A) All of the choices
B) it can be cracked into pieces like plates
C) It's solid
D) it covers the outer surface of the egg
 This is the sample of the
group activity you are going to do
THANK
YOU…