EARTHQUAKES:

Their Causes and

Hazardous Effects

Sunshine O. Banaag
Science Teacher
 Guess the word....

EARTHQUAKE
 EARTHQUAKE
• An Earthquake is a sudden
movement or vibration of
the Earth’s Crust.
• It is caused when large rocks
suddenly shift (change) in
position.
 EARTHQUAKE
• As the rocks move and shift
into new positions, the energy
stored in the rocks is
transmitted to the surface in
the form of Seismic Waves.
EARTHQUAKE
 Earthquake Terminologies
• FOCUS- part where the movement
of rocks happened.
• EPICENTER- the point or area
above the Focus.
• FAULT-a crack or fractures on the
Earth’s crust where the movement
occured.
Slippage Along a Fault
Elastic Rebound Hypothesis
KINDS OF EARTHQUAKE

1. Tectonic Earthquake
2. Volcanic Earthquake
 1. TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE
Occurs when two tectonic plates
move suddenly against each
other.
Usually happens along faults.
Faults are cracks on the
Earth’s crust between two
big plates.
1. TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE
2. VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE
Occur in areas near volcanoes
and are associated with
volcanic activities.
As the fluid of the magma rises
to the surface, it pressures
the fractures and causes
tremors.
2. VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE
Why is the Philippines
considered as an Earthquake-
prone area?
Pacific Ring of Fire
• The Pacific Ring of Fire is an
area circling the Pacific Ocean.
• The Pacific Ring of Fire is found
in the plate boundaries of
Eurasia and Pacific Plates.
• The movement of the plates
causes earthquakes and
volcanic activities.
 How do earthquakes happen?
• Earthquakes can cause
vibration in the rocks even
those found afar from the
FOCUS.
• Earthquakes travel in
SEISMIC WAVES.
WAVE
 SEISMIC WAVES

The 3 Major Types Of Seismic

Waves:
1. P Waves- Primary Waves
2. S Waves- Secondary Waves
3. L Waves- Love Waves
An Earthquake Wave
 1. Primary Waves (P Waves)
• P waves travel the fastest, they
can travel trough solid, liquid
and gases.
 2. Secondary (S Waves)
• Secondary waves arrive after P
waves, they cause rocks to move
from side to side.
• S waves can pass through solids
but not liquids and gases.
 3. Love Waves (L waves)
• The slowest of the seismic waves are
the L Waves or Surface Waves.
• L waves cause most of the damage
during an earthquake because they
bend and twist the earth’s surface.
The Seismic Waves