Amity School of Engineering and Technology

Data Structures using C

(CSIT 124)
Module-2
Stack and Queues

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Contents :​
Stack
Definition
Stack Representation
Array Representation
Linked List Representation
 Operations on Stacks- Push & Pop

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Learning Objectives​
• Impart in-depth knowledge of data structure and its implementation
in computer programs.
• Make students understand the concepts of Stack linear data structure.
• Make students understand the applications of Stack.

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Recommended Reading​
Textbooks: ​
• Yashwant Kanetkar,”Data Structure using C”, BPB Publication, 5th Edition ,2011
• A.Tannenbaum,Y. Lanhgsam and A.J. Augenstein ,” Data Structures Using C And C++ “,Prentice Hall of
India,2nd Edition,2009.
• Jean-Paul Tremblay, P.G Sorenson, “An Introduction to Data Structures with applications”, Mcgraw-
Hill ,2nd Edition ,1984.
​Reference Book: ​
• Robert L Kruse, “Data Structure and Program Design in C”, Prentice Hall (1991).
• Noel Kalicharan ,“Data Structure in C” ,Ist Edition Create space publisher, 2008.
• Mark Allen Weiss,“Data Structure and algorithm Analysis in C”,2nd Edition AddisonWesley,1996.
• E. Balagurusamy, “Problem Solving through C language”, TMH publication, Fourth Edition, 2008.
• R.S Salaria ,“Data Structures & Algorithms using C”,Khanna Publication,4th Edition,2009
• E.Horowitz and S.Sahni,”Fundamentals of Data Structures in C “,2nd Edition, Universities Press,2008.
 ​

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Module Assessment​
• Quiz (Conceptual and Numerical Based)
​
• Assignment

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STACK
Definition: Stack is a linear data
structure that principally works on
the Last-in First-out (LIFO). The
element that is inserted first will be
out at last and vice-versa

Examples of Stack
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STACK TERMINOLOGIES
1. Top of Stack: TOP is the pointer
that shows the position of the
topmost element of the stack.
2. MaxStack: MaxStack shows the
maximum size of the stack.
(“How many elements?”)
3. Stack Operations:
PUSH()
POP()

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STACK: ARRAY REPRESENTATION

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ARRAY REPRESENTATION

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STACK: LIST REPRESENTATION

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STACK OPERATIONS
There are two operations of stack:
1) PUSH Operation
2) POP Operation

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PUSH: PUSH operation is used to push (Insert) an element onto the stack

Step 1: If TOP >= MAXSIZE – 1, then:

PRINT: “Stack Overflow”
GOTO Step 4
[end of if structure]
Step 2: TOP = TOP + 1
Step 3: STACK [TOP] = ITEM
Step 4: EXIT

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POP : POP operation is used to pop (delete) an element from the stack

Step 1: If TOP = -1, then:

PRINT: “Stack Underflow”

Goto Step 4

[End of if structure]

Step 2: Temp=STACK [TOP]

Step 3: TOP = TOP – 1

Step 4: EXIT
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STACK OPERATIONS: EXAMPLE

Let as assume a Stack of maximum size=5
TOP
50
TOP
40 40
TOP
30 30 30
TOP
20 20 20 20
TOP
10 10 10 10 10

TOP=-1 TOP=0 TOP=1 TOP=2 TOP=3 TOP=4

MaxSize=5
When TOP= MaxSize-1; then stack becomes full and
PUSH
OPERATION insertion of any new element will result in
“OVERFLOW”. 14
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STACK OPERATIONS: EXAMPLE

Let as assume a Stack of maximum size=5
50 TOP
TOP
40 40
TOP
30 30 30
TOP
20 20 20 20
TOP
10 10 10 10 10

TOP=4 TOP=3 TOP=2 TOP=1 TOP=1 TOP=-1

When TOP= -1; then stack becomes empty and

POP
OPERATION deletion of any element will result in
“UNDERFLOW”. 15
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Time Complexity
Push() O(1)

Pop() O(1)

Display() O(n)

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