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133 Chapter 122002
133 Chapter 122002
(Chapter 12)
Change in revenue
- Change in operating expenses
= Change in operating income before taxes
- Change in taxes
= Change in operating income after taxes
+ Change in depreciation
= Differential cash flow
Note: Interest expenses are excluded when calculating
differential cash flow. Instead, they are accounted for
in the discount rate used to evaluate projects.
Terminal Cash Flow: Includes after-tax salvage value
of the asset, recapture of nonexpense outlays that
occurred at the asset’s initiation (e.g., net working
capital investments), plus any other cash flows
associated with project termination.
Payback Period
Decision Rules:
– PP = payback period
– MDPP = maximum desired payback period
Independent Projects:
– PP MDPP - Accept
– PP > MDPP - Reject
Mutually Exclusive Projects:
– Select the project with the fastest payback, assuming
PP MDPP.
Problems: (1) Ignores timing of the cash flows, and
(2) Ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
Net Present Value (NPV)
n
CFt
NPV t
CF0
t 1 (1 k )
Decision Rules:
Independent Projects:
– NPV 0 - Accept
– NPV < 0 - Reject
Mutually Exclusive Projects:
– Select the project with the highest NPV,
assuming NPV 0.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Note:
– Capital rationing exists when an artificial
constraint is placed on the amount of funds
that can be invested. In this case, a firm may
be confronted with more “desirable” projects
than it is willing to finance. A wealth
maximizing firm would not engage in capital
rationing.
Capital Rationing: An Example
(Firm’s Cost of Capital = 12%)
Required Return
20
Risk-Return
18 Tradeoff
16
14
ka 12 ka = Cost of
10
8
Capital for the
6 existing firm.
4
2
0
Risk
0 2 4 6