Adverb Clauses

© Yosa A. Alzuhdy – ©English

Section 2: Structure & Written Expression

TOEFL Preparation
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy, M.Hum.
Yosa A. AlzuhdyDept.

Faculty of Economics
Indonesian Islamic University
- UNY
 15 Adverb Clauses
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy – ©English

Section 2: Structure & Written Expression

TOEFL Preparation
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy, M.Hum.
yosa@uny.ac.id
Yosa A. AlzuhdyDept.

English Literature Study Program

State University of Yogyakarta
- UNY
 Adverb Clause Connectors (Subordinators)
Ada dua format penggunaan Subordinators:
main clause + sub-clause S+Vb Subordinator S+Vb
sub-clause, + main clause Subordinator S+Vb, S+Vb
Perhatikan hubungan logis kedua clause, dan fahami makna/fungsi berbagai subordinators.
 He feels very tired since he has been working hard. (karena)
= Since he has been working hard, he feels very tired. (karena)
 He has been working hard since he arrived here this morning. (sejak)

He came to the course although he felt very tired, (meskipun)

= Although he felt very tired, he came to the course. (meskipun)

Compare: Sentence connector awal klmt berikutnya, atau stlh titik koma.
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 He felt very tired. However, he came to the course. ( Akan tetapi)

 He felt very tired; nevertheless, he came to the course. (meskipun dmk)
 He felt very tired, so he would take a rest for two hours.
 He felt very tired because he had ploughed the rice field by himself.
= Because he had ploughed the rice field by himself, he felt very tired.
 ADVERB CLAUSES
dependent clause yang menjelaskan kata kerja dari main clause,
atau menjelaskan adjective atau adverb yang lain.
Adverb clause diawali oleh Subordinate Conjunction

Beberapa jenis Adverbial clause:

1. Time Clause: while, when, since, as soon as, after, before, once, etc
Many people took fewer baths a day while the draught was going on.
= While the draught was going on, many people took fewer baths a day.
2. Place Clause: where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere
People prepare a tip for the service everywhere they want to dine.
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3. Manner/Distance/Frequency Clauses: as, as+adverb+as, as if

People conserved water as often as they could.
4. Reason Clause: because, since, as
Some victims still suffer because they haven’t received any assistance.
 ADVERB CLAUSES
5. Result Clause: so + adjective/adverb + that
such + (adjective +) noun + that
Rainfall was so heavy yesterday that all streets were flooded.
She always writes so neatly in her note that it looks like being printed.
The mud-flood is such a terrible experience that many people from
Sidoarjo had to move away from their houses.
6. Purpose Clause: so that, in order that
Concerned citizens pay careful attention to their environment, so that
they will not have to suffer extremely from the flood.
7. Concession Clause: although, even though, though
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Although farmers need the rain, excessive downpour can ruin their crops.
8. Strong Contrast Clause: while, whereas
While other students study hard for the exam, he only plays around.
 Perhatikan: bagaimana hubungan yang
mungkin/logis antara 2 kalimat berikut?
1. Amin was sick. He didn’t come to class yesterday.
 Because Amin was sick, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
 Amin didn’t come to class yesterday because he was sick.
2. Amin was sick. He played football with his friends.
 Although Amin was sick, he played football with his friends.
 Amin played football with his friends although he was sick.
3. I can’t pay my bills. I haven’t received my paycheck yet. [until]
 I can’t pay my bills until I receive my paycheck.
4. Anita has gone to many places.
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She always makes people happy in those places. [wherever]

 Wherever Anita goes, she always makes people happy.
5. The movie was very good. I watched it three times. [so…that]
 The movie was so good that I watched it three times.
p.56
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7
 As/Since
8 as

though

whereas

= I won’t go if you don’t (go).

= if…not
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 Adv.Clause with -ever
9

…anywhere there is enough room to place it.

Wherever you can find room for that box, put it.
…each time they are in Boston.
Whenever they’re in Boston, they stat at that hotel.
Whatever way you use to solve the problem …
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You’ll get the same answer however you solve the problem.
Compare: However sebagai sentence connector  contrast.
 awal kalimat/klausa berikutnya: stlh titik, atau stlh titik koma.
 He felt very tired. However, he came to the course. (Akan tetapi)
 She has eaten 3 bowls of bakso; however, she is still hungry. (namun)
 Reduced Adverb Clauses
10

Marker + Subj + to be + Vb-ing/Vb3/Adjective.

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Present participle: Vb-ing  to be + Vb-ing = continuous

Past participle: Vb3  to be + Vb3 = passive
Because she was sick, she didn’t go to campus yesterday.
= Because of / Due to / On account of her sickness, she didn’t go…
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= due to /on account of

/as
…because it has fine reputation
/as
/as
…because there is air pollution
/
though …although it is dangerous
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when the war occurred

Examples
12
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 2. Practice: Rewrite with the given conjunction

1. I can’t join the swimming club. I haven’t paid the tuition fee. [until]
2. We can’t leave yet. We have to wait for Amir. [until]
3. The meal will be ready in ten minutes. We can eat. [as soon as]
4. I arrived in class at 9. The lesson began a minute later. [just before]
5. She has 3 exams tomorrow. She has to study all night. [because]
6. The tea is delicious. I think I’ll have another cup. [so…that]

7. I can’t join the swimming club until I pay the tuition fee.
8. We can’t leave until Amir comes.
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9. As soon as the meal is ready, we can eat.

10.I arrived in class at 9, just before the lesson began.
11.Because she has 3 exams tomorrow, she has to study all night.
12.The tea is so delicious that I think I’ll have another cup.
 p. 59 Exercise 15
==

14

Do the rest (plus additional)

for your exercise ONLINE.
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= When it is added to a liquid…

15

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