FIRE SAFETY AWARENESS

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

OBJECTIVE(S):
Upon Completion of the Seminar/ Drill,
the participants will be able to;
 Define “ What is Fire?”
 Enumerate the Elements of Fire /
Fire Tetrahydron
 Enumerate the Behaviors of Fire
 Differentiate and verbalize the
Classes of Fire
 Verbalize the methods of Fire
Extinguishment
 Know the parts of a Fire
Extinguisher
 Demonstrate how to use a fire
extinguisher
 Demonstrate how to use a fire hose
cabinet
 Know ways on how to prevent fire
 Know the phases on an earthquake
drill
 Know the guidelines in conducting a
drill
VISION

A modern fire service fully capable

of ensuring a fire safe nation by
2034
MISSION
We commit to prevent and suppress
destructive fires, investigate it’s
causes; enforce fire code and other
related laws; respond to man-made
and natural disasters and other
emergencies
FIRE EMERGENCIES
What is FIRE?...
 What is FIRE?...
Active principle of burning,
characterized by heat and light
combustion
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
Fire Tetrahydron
HEAT
Chemical
Chain
Reaction

FUEL OXYGEN
BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
Types Of Heat Transfer
CONDUCTION
The transfer of heat or electric
current from one substance to another
by direct contact
CONVECTION
The transfer of heat through a fluid
(liquid or gas) moving from one place
to another
RADIATION
Energy that is radiated or
transmitted in the form of rays or
waves or particles
STAGES OF FIRE
DEVELOPMENT
INCIPIENT STAGE
3 elements of fire triangle come
together and then combustion occur

MUSHROOMING
Hot gases begin to spread
horizontally across the ceiling
GROWTH STAGE
Fuel and oxygen are virtually
unlimited; Rapidly increasing of heat

THERMAL LAYERING
Gases tend to form into layers,
according to temperature
Hot gases form in the top layer
while cooler gases form at the lower
layer
FLASHOVER

 Rapid transition between the growth

and fully developed;
 Burning gases push out of the
opening in the compartment
BACKDRAFT
 Unburned fire gases collected in
unventilated space;
 Air mixed with the hot gases can
result to explosion;
Signs of BACKDRAFT
 Confined and excessive heat
 Smoke stain window
 Smoke puffing
 Pressurize smoke from small crack
 Little visible flame
 Black smoke become dense gray
FULLY DEVELOPED STAGE
All combustible materials in the
compartment are burning. Which
produce maximum rate of energy
During this stage, hot unburned
gases are likely flow from the
compartment of origin to the adjacent
compartment. The hot gases may
ignite as they enter a space where air
is more abundant
DECAY STAGE
Fuel is consumed, energy release
diminished and temperature decreases
CLASSES OF FIRE
 fires can involve any
material that has a
burning ember or leaves
an ash such as wood,
paper, cloth, rubber,
many plastics, etc.
 fires involve flammable
liquids and gases such as
motor oil, paint thinner,
dry cleaning agents,
gasoline, propane, natural
gas, etc.
fires involve live electrical
equipment and require
the use of an
extinguishing agent
and/or extinguisher that
will not conduct electricity.
 fires involve exotic
metals from agents and
techniques used on Class
“A”, “B”, or “C” fires.
 CLASS K

Kitchen Fire,
Cooking Media such
as Vegetable and
Animal Oils

 fires involve combustible

cooking media such as
vegetable or animal oils and
fats.
 METHODS OF
EXTINGUISHMENT
COOLING
Cooling the burning material
The most effective method
The BEST agent: WATER
NEVER USE IN TYPE “K” FIRE
KITCHEN FIRE (e.g. Cooking Oil) or
fat)
SMOTHERING
Cutting off the oxygen supply
The BEST agent: FOAM
HELPS COOLDOWN AND ISOLATE
THE FUEL SURFACE
NEVER USE IN TYPE “C” FIRE
ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENTS (e.g. extension wires,
appliances), CARBON DIOXIDE
STARVATION
REMOVING solid fuel from the fire
ISOLATE the flow of flammable liquid

In case of gas fire, CLOSING THE

MAIN VALVE AND CUTTING OFF
THE GAS SUPPLY (e.g. Liquified
Petrolium Gas)
FLAME INHIBITORS
Substances that chemically react
with the burning material, thus
extinguishing the flame
COOLING STARVATION

FLAME
BLANKETING / INHIBITOR
SMOTHERING
PARTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Handle and Operation lever

 Pressure Gauge
 Cylinder
 Fire Nozzle
 Safety Pin
 Inspection Tag
 Label
 Fire Hose
T-P-A-S-S
When to NOT Fight Fire?
 If the fire is spreading beyond the
spot where it started
 If you can’t fight the fire with your
back to an escape exit
 If the fire can block your only escape
 If you don’t have adequate fire
fighting equipment
In any of this situation:
CALL FOR HELP
WHAT TO DO when someone
Catches Fire?

STOP - where you are

DROP - on the floor
ROLL - on the floor
HOW TO USE a Fire Hose
Cabinet?
B reak the glass
P ull the Nozzle
A im the nozzle at the
base of the fire
O pen the valve
 WAYS TO PREVENT FIRE
Put all emergenct related phone
numbers near your phone

EMERGENCY #

532-2189
532-2402
911
Avoid fire hazards through GOOD
HOUSE KEEPING
Gas lamp or candle should be
PLACED AWAY from curtain or any
material that easily burn
Keep matches OUT OF CHILDREN’S
REACH
DO NOT keep flammable materials
INSIDE THE HOUSE
REGULARY CHECK electrical
installations
EVACUATION GUIDELINES
1. Prepare and evacuate the building
by way of the nearest emergency exit.
Walk; do not run.
Do not use the elevators.

2. Close but not lock all doors as you

leave
3. Before existing through any closed
door, check for heat and the presence
of fire behind the door by feeling the
door with the back of the hand. If the
door feels very warm or hot to the
touch, advice everyone to proceed to
another exit
4. In the event you are unable to exit
the building
A. Remain calm; do not panic
B. Remain low; crawl if necessary
C. Place a cloth, wet if possible, over
your mouth to serve as a filter
D. Signal for help from a window.
Use a towel, clothing, sign etc.
5. Upon exiting the building and
proceeding to the assembly area,
remain at least 20 feet away from the
building walls and overhangs. Do not
block any driveways, as fire
department personnel will need to
access to these areas. Employees are
requested to report to their assigned
areas as defined by your fire monitor/
evacuation plan.
6. The cessation of an alarm/
departure of the fire department is not
an “all clear” to re-enter the building as
corrective measures may still be in
progress. Stay clear of the building
until your appointed fire monitor has
advised you to re-enter the building/
area
7. Assist visitors during alarm/
emergency situations. Visitors may not
be aware of exits/ alternative exits and
the procedures that should be taken
during alarm situations.

Employees should calmly inform

visitors of the proper actions to be
taken and assist them with the
evacuation.
 PHASES ON AN
EARTHQUAKE DRILL
ALARM
Siren / Bell rings for one (1) minute
ONGOING EARTHQUAKE
REACTION
During the Alarm, perform
DUCK, COVER AND HOLD
During the Shaking…
How to Protect oneself;
 Open the Door
 Turn-off anything that may cause
fire
 DUCK, COVER AND HOLD
(protect your head under a sturdy
object)
 STAY ALERT, look for falling
debris
 ASSIGN somebody to open door
 After the siren / alarm, PROCEED
TO THE EVACUATION AREA
After the Shaking…
 Be alert & Don’t Panic
 Listen for Instruction
 Walk out from the rooms in an orderly
manner and watch out for falling debris
 DON’T RUN; DON’T PUSH
 Don’t bring your things
 Proceed to the designated evacuation
area and wait for further instruction
 Never go back to the building
EVACUATION
HEADCOUNT
 check if everyone is present and all
accounted for
ASSEMBLY
 At the evacuation area, participants
should group together accordingly
EVALUATION
 How was the drill?...
 What are the problem encountered?
 How will it improve for future fire/
earthquake drill?...