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Meiosis
Meiosis
This is a karyotype
(an image of an organism’s
chromosomes)
This is a karyotype of a
normal human male
Homologous Chromosomes
Paternal Maternal
(from Dad) (from Mom)
Prophase I
Longest and most complex phase (90%).
Chromosomes condense.
Synapsis - a process: when hom. chrom.
come together, pair up, form a tetrad.
tetrad
Prophase I - Synapsis
Nonsister chromatids
Prophase II / Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Same as telophase in mitosis.
mitosis
Nuclei form.
Cytokinesis occurs (2nd time).
Four haploid daughter cells produced (chromosomes now
back to single condition).
gametes ~ sperm or egg; ovule or pollen grain
Gamete Formation in Animals
Diff. bet. male and female gametes.
Male: spermatogenesis
all 4 develop into sperm cells.
Female: oogenesis
cytokinesis in meiosis is uneven.
most of cytoplasm goes into 1 of the 4 meiotic products
(forms large egg cell)
3 other cells are small “polar bodies”, break down (extra
chrom. lost).
Spermatogenesis
n=23
human
germ cell in n=23 sperm
testes Still doubled
chromosomes n=23
2n = 46
haploid (n)
n=23
n=23
diploid (2n) Still doubled
chromosomes
n=23
meiosis I
meiosis II
Oogenesis 23
human germ cell
in ovary Polar
n=23
Still doubled 23 Bodies
2n = 46 23
n=23
Still doubled
For humans,
2n = 46
n = 23
Nondisjunction
When the tetrad (in Anaphase I) or
the sister chromatids (in Anaphase II)
do not separate, creating an abnormal #
of chrom. to occur in the gametes.