Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ethics in
Engineering
UNIT I
Human Values
Morals,values and Ethics – Integrity –
Work ethic – Service learning –
Respect for others
Civic virtue – – peacefully –
Living
Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage –
Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment –
Spirituality
Empathy –– SelfIntroduction
confidence –to Character
Yoga and
meditation – professional excellence and
for management.
stress
Introduction: Human Values
Human values are the virtues that guide us
to take into account the human element
when one interacts with other human
beings.
They are many positive dispositions that
create bond of humanity between people
and thus have value for all of us as human
beings.
Introduction: Human Values
Human values are the principles, standards,
beliefs and convictions that adopt as their
guidelines in daily activities.
Principal human values are the foundation
on which professional ethics are built.
They are a set of consistent measures and
behaviors that individuals choose to practice
in the pursuit of doing what is right or
what is expected of them by society.
Most laws and legislation are shaped by
human values.
MORALS
The term Moral is derived from the
Latin word ‘mores’ which means habit.
Moral is concerned with the principles
of right and wrong behaviour.
It represents the act of manifesting high
principles for proper conduct.
Moral can be viewed as a lesson that
can be derived from a story or
MORALS
5. Legal Ethics:
• Concerned with the codes that guide the professional conduct of
lawyers, judges, etc.
• All India Bar Association & Indian National Bar Association
6. Accounting Ethics:
• Concerned with the codes that guide the professional conduct of
accountants.
• Institute of Chartered Accountants of India & Institute of Cost Accountants of
India
ETHICS
• Types of Ethics
a) Descriptive Ethics /
Morals
b) Normative Ethics / Prescriptive
Ethics
c) Metaethics / Analytical Ethics
ETHICS
Descriptive Ethics:
Morals can be referred as Descriptive
Ethics. It is a study of human behaviour
as a sequence of beliefs about what is
right or wrong, or good or bad.
In a sense, morals are the study of what is
thought to be right and what is generally
done by a group, society, or a culture.
ETHICS
Normative Ethics / Prescriptive Ethics
The study of moral problems which seeks to
discover how one ought to act.
Normative ethics is the study of how people ought
to behave.
More specifically, normative ethics is the discipline
concerned with the judgments of setting up norms
for the following queries.
When an act is right or wrong, e.g. is it wrong to
litter on campus?
What kind of things are good or desirable.
When a person deserves blame, reward or
neither.
ETHICS
Metaethics / Analytical Ethics
This discipline concerned with elucidating the meaning of
ethical terms or the discipline concerned with the
comparison of ethical theories.
If one can develop a set of principles for distinguishing
between good and bad conduct, we must be able to
understand what ‘good’ means.
Some Metaethical questions:
What is goodness?
What is justice?
What is the source of our values?
Is it possible to justify our ethical judgments?
What does it mean to say something is "ethically good"?
Morals, Values and Ethics
Morals describes the goodness or
badness, or right or wrong of actions.
Values describe individual or personal
standards of what is valuable or
important.
Ethics describes a generally accepted set
of moral principles.
For an example, imagine that you’re sitting in a diner, and an incredibly loud
and obnoxious individual comes in, disturbing everyone’s dinner. How would
you respond?
a) beat up the jerk until he leaves or dies
b) threaten to beat him up
c) do your best to ignore him
d) get up and leave
e)politely explain how his actions are disturbing others, and that you’ll
complain to the manager if he persists.
The first two options may be expedient in terms of getting rid of the jerk, but
it also sets a precedent that justifies physical force to get what you want; very
likely, this individual may respond by escalating the situation.
The next two options are also expedient, but how does it address the
behavior in question? For all we know, the jerk is simply oblivious to the
effect he has on others.
The last would be considered ethical in terms of establishing a boundary of
what is considered “good/right” behavior, and the likely consequences of
continuing to violate that boundary. Indeed, even the consequences prescribed
fall within ethical bounds, by respecting that the final decision of what to do
lies with the person entrusted with running the business.
Four Common Approaches Used in
Ethical Decision-Making
Approach to Dealing Principle
with Moral Issues
Unit 1
Service Learning - Definition
It is defined as “a method under which students or
participants learn and develop through active participation
in thoughtfully organized service that is conducted in and
meets the needs of a community;
is coordinated with an elementary school, secondary
school, institution of higher education, or community
service program, and with the community;
and helps foster civic responsibility;
and that is integrated into and enhances the academic
curriculum of the students, or the educational
components of the community service program
And, provides structured time for the students or
participants to reflect on the service experience.
Service Learning - Definition
Service-learning is a teaching strategy that offers
students opportunities to learn both in the class room
and in the wider world.
This pedagogical tool provides students with chances
to directly interact with local agencies and effect
change in the community.
Alternatively, the National Youth Leadership Council
defines service learning as ‘a philosophy, pedagogy,
and model for community development that is used as
an instructional strategy to meet learning goals and/or
content standards.”
Key Components
Service Learning
Service-learning combines experimental learning and community
service opportunities. It is distinguished in the following ways:
Curricular Connection: Integrating the learning
servicea project is a key to successful service learning.
into
Academic ties should be clear and built upon existing
disciplinary skills.
Student voice: Beyond being actively engaged in the project,
trainees have the opportunity to select, design, implement, and
evaluate their service activity.
Student discussion: Students discuss their learning
experience during in-class discussions.
Reflection: Structured opportunities are created to think, talk,
and write about the service experience. The balance of
reflection and action allows the trainee to be constantly aware
of the impact of their work.
Service Learning
Key Components
Community Partnerships: with
Partnership agencies are used to identify genuine needs,
community
provide mentorship, and contribute input such as labor
and expertise towards completing the project.
Authentic Community Local
needs: members or service community are
determining
recipients the significance and depth
involved
of theinservice
activities involved.
Assessment: Well-structured assessment instruments
with constructive feedback through reflection provide
valuable information regarding the positive ‘reciprocal
learning’ and serving outcomes for sustainability and
replication.
Service Learning
In 2008, the National Youth Leadership Council
released the K-12 Service-Learning Standards fro Quality
Practice.
Meaningful Service
Link to Curriculum
Reflection
Diversity
Youth Voice
Partnerships
Progress Monitoring
Duration and Intensity
Service Learning
Types of Service Learning
The following are four types of service
learning methods followed.
1. Direct Service-Learning
2. Indirect Service-Learning
3. Advocacy Service-Learning
4. Research Service-Learning
Service Learning
Types of Service Learning
The following are four types of service learning methods
followed.
1. Direct Service-Learning: person-to-person, face-to-face
service projects in which the students’ service directly impacts
individuals who receive the service from the students. (Eg.
Tutoring, work with elderly, peer mediation etc.)
2. Indirect Service-Learning: working on broad issues,
environmental projects, or community development–projects
that have clear benefits to the community or environment, but
not necessarily to individually identified people with whom
the students are working. (i.e., collecting trash along a
riverbank, restoration of historic structures, food and clothing
drives)
Service Learning
Types of Service Learning
3. Advocacy Service-Learning: Working, acting, speaking,
writing, teaching, presenting, informing, etc., on projects
that encourage action or create awareness on issues of
public interest (i.e., promoting reading, safety, care for the
environment, local history, violence and drug prevention,
disaster preparedness)
4. Research Service-Learning: Surveys, studies,
evaluations, experiments, data gathering, interviewing,
etc., to find, compile, and report information on topics in
the public interest (i.e., water testing, flora and fauna
studies, surveys)
Service Learning
Comprehensive Action Plan for Service Learning (CAPSL)
• CAPSL identifies four constituencies on which a program
for service learning needs to focus its principal activities:
Institution, Faculty, Students, and Community.
• CAPSL also identifies a sequence of activities (Planning;
Awareness; Prototype; Resources; Expansion;
Recognition; Monitoring; Evaluation;
Institutionalization) to be pursued for each of Research;
the four
constituencies(institution, faculty, students and
community).
• CAPSL provides a heuristic for guiding the development
of a service learning program in higher education.
Service Learning
Comprehensive Action Plan for Service Learning
(CAPSL)
Advantages of CAPSL: it is general enough that the
execution of each cell can be tailored to local
conditions.
Disadvantages of CAPSL: it is not possible to detail
how each step can be successfully accomplished to
take the sequence of activities from the whole CAPSL
model and apply it to any cell in the matrix.
Service Learning
Service Learning in Language Education
• Service learning can be used in all standard disciplines and
recently has been explored for use in
improving language instruction.
• A recent study found that integrating environmental issues
with foreign language study
• provides significant opportunities for students to increase
their language proficiency,
• develop their understanding of concepts related to
the environment,
• And, become more involved in a global community through
a virtual service learning project.
• Similar work has found that students can contribute
to sustainable development while improving their language
skills
Service Learning
Effect on Engineering Education
• Many engineering faculty members
believe
educational the
solution lies in a more
constructivist approach, where taking construct
knowledge and students nodes of
between
knowledge connections as absorbing
knowledge. opposed to passively
• Today, many engineering educators are concerned
their students do not receive enough practical
knowledge of engineering and its context.
• Some speculate that adding context to engineering
help to motivate engineering students’ studies and
thus improve retention and diversity in engineering
schools.
Service Learning
Effect on Engineering Education
• Others feel that the teaching style do not match the
learning styles of engineering students.
• Educators see service learning as a way to both
implement a constructivism in engineering education as
well as match the teaching styles to the learning styles of
typical engineering students.
• As a result, many engineering schools have begun to
integrate service learning into their curricula and there is
now a journal dedicated to service learning in
engineering.
Differentiating Service-Learning
from Other Forms of
Education
Experiential Learning: The knowledge and skills
acquired through life, work experience and study
which have not been formally attested through any
educational or professional certification.
Internship: A work-related learning experience for
individuals who wish to develop hands on work
experience in a certain occupational field
Practicum: A college course that is designed to give
students supervised practical application of a
previously studied theory
Civic Virtue
Civic Virtue is morality or standards of
righteous behavior in relationship to a
citizen’s involvement in society.
An individual may exhibit civic virtue by
voting, volunteering, organizing a book
group and attending a PTA meeting.
Civic virtue is cultivation of habits of
personal living.
Civic virtue is dedication of citizens to
the welfare of their community.
Civic Virtue
Civility is the behavior between persons
and groups that conforms to a social
mode (that is, in accordance with the
civil society), as itself being
foundational of a society
principle law. and
Civic Virtue
Importance of Civic Virtue
Civic virtue helps understand
peopleties to the community and their
their
responsibilities within it.
Civic virtue both expresses and builds
trust and cooperation in the citizenry,
and it is these qualities – “social capital”
– that make everything else go well.
Respect for Others
“The treasure of a man is how he
treats you when others are not
looking.”
Respect for other individuals can be
shown in many forms.
1. Showing gratitude
2. Respecting other’s opinions
3. Respecting your enemies
4. Respecting yourself.
Respect for Others
1. Showing gratitude
Thank people for their assistance and their support
on a regular basis.
It is important to remember all the people who’ve
helped you on your journey.
Show respect by saying thanks.
Remember to thank your parents, siblings, co-
workers, classmates, friends, teachers, and
neighbours.
Remember to speak politely to everyone.
Be sincere.
Respect the abilities of others.
Respect for Others
2. Respecting other’s opinions
a. Be a good listener.
b. Ask lots of questions
c. Learn about the perspectives of others.
d. Respectfully disagree.
3. Respecting your enemies
a. Don’t judge people before you get to
know them.
b. Decide to like people.
c. Worry about your own backyard.
Respect for Others
4. Respecting yourself.
a. Take care of yourself.
b. Avoid self-
destructive behaviors.
c. Stay healthy.
d. Be ambitious.
Living Peacefully
Living in peace is about harmoniously with
yourself, others, and all sentiment beings around
you.
Living in peace is both an outward and an
inward process.
Outwardly, living in peace is a way of life in
which we respect and love each other in spite of
our cultural, religious, and political differences.
Inwardly, we all need to search our hearts and
minds and understand the fear that causes the
impulse to violence, for in continuing to ignore the
rage within, the storm outside will never subside.
Living Peacefully
Ten ways to stop stressing and start living
peacefully
1. Take time for silence
2. Get rid of stuff
3. Give yourself a safe space
4. Create a budget
5. Organize your time and self
6. Stop being influenced by media
7. Be rational
8. Exercise
9. Express gratitude
10. Treat yourself
Living Peacefully
Remember these things:
1. Worrying accomplishes nothing.
2. Worrying is bad for you.
3. Worrying is the opposite of trust and peace.
4. Worrying puts your attention in the wrong direction.
When worry does grab a hold of you, these fun tips can
help to stop it.
• Listen to music
• Go to a party
• Read a book
• Have a movie night with your friends
• Go camping
• Have a family outing
• Spend a day at the beach
Caring
Caring can be defined as an act of feeling and
exhibiting concern and empathy for others,
i.e., feeling or showing care and compassion.
Engineers have capacities for genuinely
caring about the public safety, health and
welfare.
Engineers are strongly motivated by self-
interest, but they are capable of responding to
moral reasons in their own right, as well as
additional motives concerned with the
particular nature of their work.
Caring
The following are some basic
assumptions underlying the caring process.
1. Caring can only beeffectively
demonstrated and practiced
interpersonally.
2. Caring consists of basic processes that
result in the satisfaction of certain
human needs.
3. Effective caring promotes health and
individual or family growth.
Sharing
Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space.
It is the process of dividing and distributing.
Sharing is basic component of human
a
interaction, and is responsible for
strengthening social ties andensuring a
person’s well-being.
Sharing
Sharing can be considered as one of
the following criteria.
a) To allow someone to use or enjoy
something that one possesses.
b) To use or enjoy something jointly or in turns.
c) To talkabout personal experience or
feelings with others.
d) To be concerned or partake equally or
jointly, as in a business venture.
e) One of the equal parts into which the
capital stock of a company is divided.
Honesty
Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and connote
positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity,
truthfulness, straightforwardness,
including straightforwardness of conduct, along with the
absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc.
Furthermore, honesty means being trustworthy, loyal, fair,
and sincere.
Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures .
"Honesty is the best policy" is a proverb of Benjamin
Franklin;
"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom"
proverb of Thomas Jefferson.
Honesty
Honesty
Some of the actions of an engineer that lead to
dishonesty are:
1. Lying
2. Deliberate deception
3. Withholding the information
4. Not seeking the truth
5. Not maintaining confidentiality
6. Giving professional judgment under the
influence of personal benefits and
prejudice
Honesty
Courage