Presentation on

Case study on construction of Bridge in

Hilly areas (Chenab Bridge)
of
Bachelor of Technology
IN
Civil engineering
BY
Shubham Gupta Rahul Jahnawai
Ashutosh Kumar Bharti Manish Kumar Yog Prakash
Manish Kumar
Under the supervision of
PROF.RINA KUMARI 
CONTENT
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Problem identification
 Objective
 Literature review
 Bridge description
 Bridge classification
 Components of bridge
 Load on bridge
 Case study on Chenab Bridge
 Challenges
 Design of Chenab Bridge
 Location of Bridge
 Sub structure of Chenab Bridge
 Super structure of Chenab Bridge
 Key Observation
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Thank you
Abstract

 Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted

hilly area itself climatic condition, geographical features and hydrological
parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various
constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected
carefully for safe,economical and successful completion of bridges
construction.
INTRODUCTION
 A Bridge is a structure build to span a valley, road, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacles , to connect
two difficult locations as for ease of transportation.
 Designs of Bridges will vary depending upon the function of the bridge and nature of the area where the bridge is
to be constructed.
 History of bridges begins with a tree log accidentally fallen across water courses.

 Natural rock arches formed due to erosion beneath. (Arch Bridge)

 The first bridges were made by nature itself-as simple as a log fallen across a stream or stones in the river
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONS

Geological challenges ( Land Slide )


Weather conditions

Heavy
 rainfall and landslides
Safety and maintenance

Difficult terrain and steep slopes

Limited accessibility to the site

Unstable and rocky ground condition

Weather condition ( heavy rainfall / snow fall)

Lack of skilled labour

Difficult and high cost transportation of materials and equipments

Lack of access to emergency services

Rise of earthquake or seismic activity

 OBJECTIVE
The main objective for the construction of a bridge in hilly areas is to

provide safe and efficient transportation .

Improve accessibility
Saves time
Enhance safety
Boost economy growth
Connecting remote communities
Preserving the enviorment
Improving mobility
BRIDGE DESCRIPTION
 Bridges in hilly areas are designed to span across deep valleys and rugged terrain.
 They are typically built to provide safe and efficient transportation for people, vehicles, and goods.
The
design of a bridge in a hilly area must take into account the steep slopes, the unstable soil,
and the potential for landslides and rockfalls.
 Bridges in hilly areas may be built as suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, or arch bridges,
depending on the length of the span and the load it needs to support.
 The materials used for construction can vary, but steel and concrete are commonly used for their
strength and durability.
 These bridges play a vital role in connecting remote areas and improving accessibility, which can
lead to economic development and social growth.
 BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION
 ARCH BRIDGE

 BEAM BRIDGE
 TRUSS BRIDGE

 CABLE BRIDGE
 SUSPENSION BRIDGE

 CANTILEVER BRIDGE
Components of Bridge
Load on Bridge

DEAD LOAD
The dead load is considered as per the IS 875 part 1 code standards.
Dead load = volume of member x unit weight of materials.

EARTHQUAKE LOAD

 The formula for calculating earthquake load according to IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 is as
follows:

 E = Ah × S × I

Where:

I is importance factor

E is the earthquake load

Ah is the horizontal seismic coefficient

Wind Load

The formula for calculating according to IS 875(Part 3): 2015 is as follows:

f= 0.6*q*G*Cp*Cs*A
where F= wind force acting on the structure
q = dynamic pressure of wind
G= gust factor
Cp = pressure coefficient
CS = shape factor
A= area of surface exposed to wind
CASE STUDY ON CHENAB BRIDGE
 The Chenab Bridge is a railway arch bridge that is currently under construction in the
remote and mountainous region of Jammu and Kashmir in India.
 The project is significant for India as it will connect the Kashmir Valley with the rest of
the country, improving transportation and boosting economic growth in the region.
 The bridge is being built at a height of 359 meters, making it one of the tallest railway
bridges in the world.
 It is part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla rail link project.
 It can witstand wind speed upto 266 km/hr which is a great achievement on
it’s own.
Challenges

 The Chenab Bridge project has faced several challenges due to its remote and difficult
location.
 The region is prone to extreme cold temperatures, high winds, and seismic forces,
making it a challenging environment for construction.
 The project team had to design the bridge using innovative techniques to ensure its stability and
safety.
 The arch-shaped structure was chosen to withstand the extreme weather conditions and
provide maximum stability
Design of Chenab bridge
 The steel deck has supported by a 467m long steel arch with 17 spans: most extended
steeldecks in the World. The leading responsible authority for the planning is WSP
Finland.
 Two 36m-long approach spans have also designed with the main span of the bridge. It
has constructed like a two ribbedarch. Again, steel boxes sealed with concrete-filled for
the use in steel truss
 SUB STRUCTURE OF CHENAB BRIDGE

Foundation

 The execution of the work initiated in 1978 and couldn't be finished even after
engaging of 2 contractors till 1994.
 A new proposal has given after detailed investigation of the behaviour
of the river and records. Further, the competent authority has examined the
proposal and
designed a 280m long cantilever bridge and having a single main span of 160m.
In this plan,
the pier has kept well inside the bank, well away from the waterline.
 Due to high water current and conglomerate strata, the earlier contractors have
failed in the construction of the foundation. Hence, the open foundation of the
bridge has proposed.
Piers
Piers are consisting of the hollow rectangular section on a raft
foundation. The piers are with
6.6 m x 5.0 m outer dimensions.

Bearings
The track of the approach bridge is curvature, which makes the job
challenging. The design of
the bearing has adopted in a way that the segment is become easy
SUPER STRUCTURE OF CHENAB BRIDGE

The superstructure of the Chenab Bridge consists of a

steel arch with a span of 467 meters and a rise of 133
meters.
The arch is supported on two piers, each with a height
of 133 meters, and two abutments.
The deck of the bridge is a steel truss girder structure
with a width of 14 meters and a height of 6 meters.
 The truss girders are spaced at intervals and
support the railway track.
Pylons

The height of the pylons isapprox. 127m and 105m at the end of Kauri and Bakkal
respectively.

The amount of steel used in this bridge is nearly 25000 tonnes.

This steel structure has used to make the arch section of the bridge

Arch Foundation

The arch portion of this iconic bridge has entirely made of steel.

The height of the main arch foundation at Bakkal end is about 47m and Kauri end is about
34m.
ARCH FORMATION OF CHENAB BRIDGE
 Key Observation

The key observation from the above critical review analysis is the following:
 For main arch design, it needs attention to the various number of
additional criteria. These criteria are fatigue, global stability, composite
action etc.
 Besides, needed that a bridge has designed in such a way that can
attach consistent level of reliability.
 The bridge can declare as World's highest rail bridge after it's
completion. Design team facing a significant challenge, but the main
arch halves have filled, which is more demanding.
 The bridge will usher in a new epoch in J&K due to building of access
road, due to improved infrastructure, increased employment
opportunities for the youth.
Conclusion
 Construction of a bridge in hilly areas requires careful planning and execution
due to the complex terrain and geological conditions.
 The selection of the bridge type, foundation design, and construction
materials are critical factors that must be considered in order to ensure the
structural integrity and safety of the bridge.
 The use of modern construction technologies such as precast concrete
segments and advanced monitoring systems can significantly improve the
efficiency and accuracy of the construction process.
 Proper communication and coordination among the project team,
stakeholders, and local communities are essential for the successful
completion of the project and minimizing any negative impacts on the
environment and surrounding communities.
 The completed bridge will provide a vital transportation link for local
residents, businesses, and tourists, improving access to services, markets, and
opportunities in the region.
FUTURE SCOPE FOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN HILLY AREAS

 Innovative Design
 Sustainable materials
 Smart bridges
 Prefabrication
 Resilient Bridge
 adaption to climate change
 Maintanance and repair
References
1. Dimr A.P. and Mohanty U.C. Snowfall statistics of some SASE Field
stations in J&K. Defence Science Journal,1999
2. Mahorey S. chenab bridge worlds tallest bridge railway project.
Efficient infrastructure, 2013
3. Pulkkinen p. hopf and jutila . A conceptual design of the chenab
brdge in india . Procedia engineering, 2012
4. Bhan s.c. and bandopadhyay B.k . The catastrophe over jamu and
Kashmir in September 2014: a meteorological observational analysis.
5. Sinha p. chenab – iconic bridge of mighty river. Him Prabhat, 2018
6. sharma D.D. Chenab bridge – a canvas in concrete india longest
continuous 60+160+60-280 mtr.
7. Tiwari g. and latha G.M. Stability analysis and design of
stabilization measures for chenab railway bridge rock slopes.
8.H.M.mkulksrni on construction of chenab bridge – a technical and
engineering marvel author February 2018.
THANK YOU