CHANDIGARH

AND
BHUVANESWAR
EXPERIMENTS
 CHANDIGARH

•The planned city of chandigarh was one of Le

Corbusier’s important works. He incorporated his
principles of light, space, and greenery.

•It became symbolic of the newly independent Indian

nation.

•The city had a grid plan based on the hierarchy of

movement from highways to pedestrian walkways.

•The metaphor of a human being was employed in

the plan-the ‘head’ contained the capital complex,
the ‘heart’ the commercial centre, and the ‘arms’,
which were perpendicular to the main axis, had the
academic and lesiure facilities.
•Taking over from Albert Mayer, Le Corbusier
produced a plan for Chandigarh that conformed
to the modern city planning principles of
Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne
CIAM, in terms of division of urban functions, an
anthropomorphic plan form, and a hierarchy of
road and pedestrian networks.

•Exposed brick and boulder stone masonry in its

rough form produced unfinished concrete
surfaces, in geometrical structures. This became
the architectural form characteristic of
Chandigarh, set amidst landscaped gardens and
parks.

•The initial plan had two phases: the first

for a population of 150,000 and the second
taking the total population to 500,000.

•. Le Corbusier divided the city into units

called "sectors", each representing a
theoretically self-sufficient entity with
space for living, working and leisure.
•. The sectors were to act as self-sufficient
neighbourhoods, each with its own market,
places of worship, schools and colleges - all
within 10 minutes walking distance from within
the sector.

•. The original two phases of the plan delineated

sectors from 1 to 47.

• The Assembly, the secretariat and the high

court, all located in Sector - 1 are the three
monumental buildings designed by Le Corbusier

•. The city was to be surrounded by a 16

kilometer wide greenbelt that was to ensure that Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh
no development could take place in the
immediate vicinity of the town, thus checking
suburbs and urban sprawl; hence is famous for
its greenness too.
 BHUVANESWAR

•Bhuvaneswar is the capital of the

Indian state of Odisha.

•The city has a long history of over 2000

years starting with Chedi dynasty (around
2nd century BCE) who had Sisupalgarh near
present-day Bhubaneswar as their capital.

•Historically Bhubaneswar has been known

by different names such as Toshali, Kalinga
Nagari, Nagar Kalinga, Ekamra Kanan,
Ekamra Kshetra and Mandira Malini
Nagari(city of temples) otherwise known as
the temple city of India.

• The largest city of Odisha, Bhubaneswar

today is a center of economic and religious
importance in the region.
•The modern city of Bhubaneswar was designed by the German architect
Otto Königsberger in 1946.

•Like Jamshedpur and Chandigarh, it is one of the first planned cities of modern India.

•With the Chandaka reserve forest on the fringes, the city, with an abundance of in-city
greenery and an efficient civic body has become one of the cleanest and greenest cities
of India.
•Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the political capital of the state of Odisha in
1948, a year after India gained its independence from Britain. Bhubaneswar and
Cuttack are often commonly together known as the "twin cities" of Odisha.

Ekamrahat
HISTORY:

•The history of the Bhubaneswar may be viewed as

two phases:
 Ancient Bhubaneswar
 Modern Bhubaneswar

•While the ancient city has a history that goes

back more than 2000 years, the modern city came
into existence in 1948.

•The first mention of Bhubaneswar in Indian

history is in the infamous Kalinga War which was
held near Dhauli (presently located in south
Bhubaneswar) in 3rd Century BC.

• Later Emperor Kharavela established his capital

in Sisupalgarh which is on the outskirts of the
city.

•Later innumerable temples built throughout

ancient and medieval history in tune with its
status as Temple City give a chronicle of the city's
history till Indian independence in 1947.
•In 1936, Odisha became a separate province in British
India with Cuttack as its capital.

• Notably, Cuttack was Odisha's capital since 12th

century. When India got independence in 1947, Odisha
became one of the states of the Indian union.

•But for some reasons, most visibly Cuttack's

vulnerability to floods and space constraints, the
capital was changed to Bhubaneswar which was built
into a modern city.

•The city planning of Bhubaneswar was given by

German Architect Otto. H. Koeingsberges. Bhubaneswar MODERN CITY
was formally inaugurated in 13 April 1948 as the
capital of the Indian state of Odisha. •Modern Bhubaneswar was
originally planned by Otto
Königsberger to be a well
planned city with wide roads and
many gardens and parks.