Chapter 9

Lesson 3

Islamic Civilization
Accomplishments of the Arabs:-
Arabs mastered trading, developed the using of coins and banking, agriculture
system and many other fields
Baghdad “the capital of Abbasids” became very important center and it was
called the city of peace
A crucial part of Muslim’s day routine is the bazaar or the covered
market in the Islamic societies , where the customers can compare
the prices of goods that are coming from every region . The bazaar
also housed many craftspeople shops , and also services like
laundries and bathhouses
• Islamic social structure consisted of upper class, ordinary merchants
and slaves who should be treated fairly
• Quran granted women spiritual and social equality with men
• In marriage, the wife receives a gift of money or property by the
husband called dowry
Arabs developed an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by
observing the positions of stars called astrolabe

Arabs used arabesque in their buildings as a piece of art, which was a geometric
pattern repeated over and over to completely cover a surface with decoration
Building of mosques was crucial for Arabs, they built decorated
mosques with minarets which is the tower of the mosque from which
the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer five times a day.
And the muezzin is the crier who calls the Muslim faithful to prayer
from the minaret of the mosque
• Plato and Aristotle: their work was translated into Arabic then into
Latin
• Ibn-Rushd: wrote commentary book about Aristotle’s book , he and
some other scientists passed on the Indian numerical system ,
creating the zero and developed the Algebra
• Al-Razi: the best doctor of his time
• Ibn-Sina: wrote a medical encyclopedia
• Ibn-Khaldoun: historian , wrote Muqaddimah (introduction to
history)
• Omar Khayyam: poet , wrote Rubaiyat (but mostly was oral)