Professional Documents
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Gender and politics covers many of the same topics (such as women and
politics and politics of gender), but in addition, implies attention to
masculinities and femininities, as well as relations between men and women,
as they operate in various political arenas.
Women and politics involves the study of various aspects of women’s
political activity, whether this entails engagement in social movements,
political parties, elected assemblies, or the state.
Politics of gender, finally, comprises a closer look at the power relations
behind definitions of—and presumed causal relations between—sex,
gender, and sexuality.
Gender and Politics
Gender politics are the politics of feminists. They are the politics that
feminists utilize to challenge society’s gender stereotypes and
inequalities, and they are a tool of empowerment that can be used to
build coalitions of activists.
- The slow progress is the result of two opposing trends. On one hand, the
proportion of women among skilled professionals continues to increase, as
does progress towards wage equality, albeit a slower pace. On the other
hand, there is a persistent lack of women in leadership positions, with
women representing just 27% of all manager positions. (The data available
for the 2021 report does not yet fully reflect the impact of the pandemic.)
Gender Gap
3. Educational Attainment and Health and Survival – are nearly closed.
In Educational Attainment, 95% of this gender gap has been closed
globally, with 37 countries already at parity. Thus, it will take another
14.2 years to completely close this gap.
In Health and Survival, 96% of this gender gap has been closed,
registering a marginal decline since last year (not due to COVID-19), and
the time to close this gap remains undefined.
For both education and health, while progress is higher than for economy
and politics in the global data, there are important future implications of
disruptions due to the pandemic, as well as continued variations in
quality across income, geography, race and ethnicity.
Gender Gap and Patterns of Inequalities
Patterns of Inequalities
• Inequalities in political power and representation: Women are often
underrepresented in formal decision-making structures, including
governments, community councils, and policy-making institutions.
• Inequalities in economic participation and opportunities: In most
countries, women and men are distributed differently across sectors.
Women are receiving lower wages for similar work, are more likely to
be in low-paid jobs and unsecured work (part-time, temporary, home-
based) and are likely to have less access than men to productive assets
such as education, skills, property and credit.
Gender Gap and Patterns of Inequalities