Radiology semiotics of

diseases of various system

NAME-NIVEDITA DADER
SUBGROUP-21
GROUP-7B
CONTENT
Genital system diseases
Diseases of breast
Diseases of musculoskeletal system
Diseases of CNS,endocrine system
Diagnosis of emergency state
GENITAL SYSTEM
Carcinoma of prostate :- An asymmetric
enlargement of prostate size, gland become
uneven and bumpy, areas of increased or
decreased density, enlarged regional lymph
node.
Tumors of uterus :- Enlargement of the uterus,
unevenness of the contours, presence of
capsule, isodensive or hypodensive formations.
 DIAGNOSIS OF EMERGENCY
STATE
MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION IN MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a wide range of clinically useful
information in AMI (Acute myocardial infraction)by detecting not only location of
transmural necrosis, infarct size and myocardial oedema, but also showing in vivo important
microvascular pathophysiological processes associated with AMI in the reperfusion era, such
as intramyocardial haemorrhage and no-reflow. 
MI IN RADIONUCLEOTIDE
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, preferably with contrast enhancement, is one
of the newly developed nuclear imaging techniques that have probably the greatest
potential in accurately delineating myocardial infarct size and in evaluating left
ventricular function. Radionuclide procedures, on the other hand, employ more
biologically oriented tracers and are therefore capable of monitoring biochemical
changes in the course of acute myocardial infarction.
PULMONARY EDEMA IN X-RAY
At chest radiography and CT, postobstructive pulmonary edema typically
manifests as septal lines, peribronchial cuffing, and, in more severe
cases, central alveolar edema . These findings are similar to those in
pressure edema. Cardiac size is usually normal, indicating a pressure
edema that is not related to overhydration. Resolution of clinical
symptoms and radiologic findings is rapid and usually occurs within 2–3
days.
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN X-RAY
chest x-ray demonstrates marked enlargement of the cardiac outline.
This was due to pericardial effusion and is a good example of the water
bottle sign This refers to the shape of the cardiac silhouette on erect
frontal chest x-rays in patients who have a very large pericardial
effusion. The fluid, often measuring a liter or more, causes the
pericardium to sag mimicking an old-fashioned water bottle sitting on a
bench. Typically the effusion has accumulated over many weeks (e.g. in
patients with malignancy) and the pericardium has gradually stretched.
PNEUMOTHORAX IN CT- SCAN
Pneumothoraces on CT are rims of gas (black)
around the edges of the lung which may track
up the fissures. Very small pneumothoraces can
be detected.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN CT -SCAN
CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) will
show filling defects within the pulmonary
vasculature with acute pulmonary emboli. When
the artery is viewed in its axial plane the central
filling defect from the thrombus is surrounded by a
thin rim of contrast, which has been called the Polo
Mint sign.
GASTROINTESTINAL PERFORATION IN
ULTRASOUND
The main sonographic sign of perforation is free
intraperitoneal air, resulting in an increased
echogenicity of a peritoneal stripe associated with
multiple reflection artifacts and characteristic
comet-tail appearance.

TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (CT AND MRI)

Benefits of CT in the acute setting over MRI
include increased sensitive for detection of
fracture, vascular injury, CSF leak, and not
needing to assess for MRI safety (particular
in the setting of penetrating injury).