GRAPHS

&
FILMS
BY LAMBOITHEM KIPGEN
INTRODUCTION
Graphs are illustrations to present
numerical and statistical data using using
dots, lines, shapes, colours and pictures.
Graphical presentation is a visual art based
on the use of visual symbolic and visual-
abstract forms. They depict numerical,
quantitative relationship or statistical data
represented in the form of visual symbols.
 DEFINITION
Graphs are diagrams which shows the relation between
variable quantities, typically of two variables, each
measured along one pair of axes at right angles.
The common types of graphs are bar graph, line graph,
pictorial graphs, histograms, pie graph and cumulative
frequency graph.
CHARACTERIS • They must have a title and

TICS OF index.
• The proportion between

GRAPHS width and height should be

balanced.
• The selection of scale must be
appropriate.
• Footnotes may be included
wherever needed.
• Principle of simplicity must
be kept in mind.
• Neatness and cleanliness in
the construction of graphs
must be ensured.
PURPOSE
OF • Graphs are one of the most convincing
and appealing ways in which statistical

GRAPHS
results may be presented.
• They give a bird's eye view of the
entire information.
• They are attractive to the eye.
• They have a great memorizing effect
on the learners.
• They facilitate comparision of data
relating to different periods of time.
 S O F G R A P H S
TYPE

Bar Graphs
1

Line Graphs
2

Pi e / Se ct or gra ph s
3

Pictorial Graphs
4
 BAR GRAPHS
• It is a convenient graphical
device that is particularly useful
for displaying nominal or
ordinal data.
• It is an easy method adopted for
visual comparison of the
magnitude of different
frequencies.
• The length of the bars drawn
vertically or horizontally indicates
the frequency of a character.
• There are three types of bar
diagrams: Simple, multiple and
proportional bar diagrams.
• Simple bar graphs: Simple bar
diagram is the type of the chart
which shows the values of the
different categories of data as
rectangular bars with different
lengths.
• Multiple bar graphs: diagrams the
data sets are represented by
drawing the bars side by side in a
cluster.
• Proportional bar diagrams: The
graph of a proportional relationship
is a line that goes up at a constant
rate, and goes through the origin.
Simple Bar Graph
MULTIPLE BAR GRAPH
PROPORTIONAL BAR GRAPH
Line Graph
Definition: A graph that shows data in the form of
line.

Advantages:
• Shows change over time
• Helps your see trends

Disadvantages:
• Not easy to compare different categories of data
 Pictorial Graph
Definition: Pictures are used to illustrate any idea, observation or measurement,
graphically.
Pictograph
 Uses of graph in Nursing
• Graphs make data easier to understand and only key information is presented, which
often has been collected from voluminous amounts of medical or scientific data.

• A line graph is useful for showing trends or changes over a period of time.

• It shows relationship between two parameters.

• (example: The change in the patient's temperature during a day or week; Patient's body
weight related to time periods; the patients Blood Pressure during the day)
Thank you!