6.

0 Intended Learning Outcomes and Topics

Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this module, you are expected to
1. Differentiate GMOs and gene therapy;
2. Discuss the benefits and risks of GMOs;
3. Discuss the ethical and moral issues of genetic engineering;
4. Discuss the causes of climate change;
5. Explain the adverse effects of climate change on society and the environment;
6. Promote the significance of disaster preparedness in the face of natural disasters
7. Discuss the value of conserving and preserving the environment to address the
impacts of climate change on society.

Topics
1. Genetically Modified Organisms
2. Gene Therapy
3. Climate Change
Discuss the benefits and risks of GMOs.
The benefits of using GMOs include crops having higher harvest
yields which can feed more people in the world, and making food
more nutritional. The risks of using GMOs include both the unknown
long term risks of eating GMO crops and the negative effects that they
can have on an environment.
What does genetically modified organism?

• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are

living organisms whose genetic material has
been artificially manipulated in a laboratory
through genetic engineering. This creates
combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and
virus genes that do not occur in nature or
through traditional crossbreeding methods
 How do genetically modified
organisms affect cells?
The application of genetic modification allows
genetic material to be transferred from any
species into plants or other organisms. The
introduction of a gene into different cells can
result in different outcomes, and the overall
pattern of gene expression can be altered by the
introduction of a single gene.
6.1 Genetically Modified Organisms

Differentiate GMOs and gene therapy;

The distinction between the two is
based on purpose. Gene therapy seeks
to alter genes to correct genetic defects
and thus prevent or cure genetic
diseases. Genetic engineering aims to
modify the genes to enhance the
capabilities of the organism beyond
what is normal.
What is an example of a genetically modified
organism?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):
Transgenic Crops and Recombinant DNA
Technology. ... Crop plants, farm animals, and
soil bacteria are some of the more
prominent examples of organisms that have
been subject to genetic engineering.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):
Transgenic Crops and Recombinant DNA
• Genetically modified organism GMOs are
products of artificial manipulation and
alteration of a species genetic material in a
laboratory using genetic engineering. Plant,
animal bacteria, and virus genes maybe
combined or may be crossbred to produce
another kind of species that do not naturally
occur in the environment.
 Genetically Modified Organisms
• One of the most controversial issues in science
and technology. Increased crop yield, pest
resistance, and other benefits of GMOs
• Genetic Engineering, refers to the direct
manipulation of DNA to alter an ... Genetic
engineering is used by scientists to enhance or
modify..
 What is genetic engineering used for?
In medicine, genetic engineering has been
used to mass-produce insulin, human growth
hormones, follistim (for treating infertility),
human albumin, monoclonal antibodies,
antihemophilic factors, vaccines, and many
other drugs. In research, organisms are
genetically engineered to discover the functions
of certain genes
 Discuss the ethical and moral issues of
genetic engineering
Some people believe genetic engineering is
morally wrong because it interferes with God's
plan for humanity. They believe that we are
playing with fire by altering the genes of living
organisms and that this could have catastrophic
consequences for both humans and the
environment.
 Who decides what should be corrected
through genetic engineering?
• The debate about gene editing will help shape
the future of the human race.
Should animals be modified to provide
organs for human transplants?
Should animal organs be used in human
transplants?

First, the animal should be of compatible

anatomy and physiology for the intended organ
to function well in humans. Next, no possibility of
cross-species (i.e., animal-to-human) infection
should exist. In fact, an ideal animal donor organ
should resist human diseases (especially viral) as
well.
Should human be cloned?
Although many scientists claim that cloning will cure both
common and rare and devastating diseases, such as diabetes
and degenerative brain

Is cloning morally right or wrong?

Human reproductive cloning remains universally

condemned, primarily for the psychological, social, and
physiological risks associated with cloning.