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Round Robin Algorithm

The document summarizes the Round Robin CPU scheduling algorithm. It is a preemptive algorithm where each process gets a fixed time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. The document outlines the preemptive and non-preemptive versions. It provides formulas for calculating completion time, turnaround time, response time, and waiting time. Examples are given showing the Gantt chart and calculations for different processes with varying arrival and burst times. The code snippet and conclusion reinforce that Round Robin provides fair allocation of CPU time between processes.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Nazir
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2K views16 pages

Round Robin Algorithm

The document summarizes the Round Robin CPU scheduling algorithm. It is a preemptive algorithm where each process gets a fixed time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. The document outlines the preemptive and non-preemptive versions. It provides formulas for calculating completion time, turnaround time, response time, and waiting time. Examples are given showing the Gantt chart and calculations for different processes with varying arrival and burst times. The code snippet and conclusion reinforce that Round Robin provides fair allocation of CPU time between processes.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Nazir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Round Robin CPU Scheduling Algorithm
  • Outlines
  • Introduction
  • Preemptive and Non-Preemptive Algorithms
  • Completion, Turn Around, Response and Waiting Times
  • General Formulas
  • Example 1 (For Different Arrival Time)
  • Example 2 (For Same Arrival Time)
  • Code Snippet
  • Conclusion

Round Robin

CPU Scheduling
Algorithm
Presented By:
Muhammad Nazir(2021-CS-8)
Muhammad Umar(2021-CS-24)
Outlines

 Introduction
 Preemptive Algorithm
 Non Preemptive Algorithm
CT, TAT, RT, WT (Times)
Code Snippets
Example 
Conclusion
Round Robin is a CPU scheduling Preemptive
algorithm in operating systems, in which each process
is assigned a fixed time unit, called time quantum.

Introduction

 The CPU is rotated among the processes in a circular


order, ensuring that each process gets an equal share of
CPU time.
A preemptive algorithm is one that
allows a higher priority process to
interrupt and stop the execution of a
lower priority process
Preemptive and
Non-Preemptive
Algorithms A non-preemptive algorithm, on the
other hand, is one that does not
allow a running process to be
interrupted.
Completion time is the time when a process
completes execution.

Completion, Turn Around time is the total time between process


Turn Around, arrival and completion.

Response and  Response time is the time between process arrival


and first response from the system.
Waiting Times
Waiting time is the total time a process spends
waiting in the ready queue.
General Formulas

In this algorithm, we take each process to ready queue and  goes to running queue. 

Ready 2s Running
Queue Queue
Important Formulas:
• TAT =CT-AT
• WT = TAT-BT
• RT= CPU First Time in Running Queue - AT
Example1 (For Different Arrival Time)

Process No Arrival Time (AT) Burst Time (BT)

P1 0 5

P2 1 4

P3 2 2 

P4 4 1 
Example1

Quantum = 2
Ready Queue:
P1 P2 P3 P1 P4 P2 P1
T=0
Running Queue:

P1 P2 P3 P1 P4 P2 P1
 T=0       2            4             6            8             9           11        12
Example1 (For Different Arrival Time)

Process Arrival Burst Time Completion Turn Around Waiting Response


No Time (AT) (BT) Time (CT) Time (TAT) Time (WT) Time (RT)
P1 0 5    3   1 12 12 7 0
0
P2 1 4   2  11 10 6 1
0
P3 2 2  6 4 2 2
0
P4 4 1  9 5 4 4
0
Example1

• Total Turn Around Time = 31 ms


So, Average Turn Around Time = 31/4 = 7.75 ms
• And, Total Waiting Time = 19 ms
So, Average Waiting Time = 19/4 = 4.75 ms
• And, Total Waiting Time = 7 ms
So, Average Response Time = 7/4 = 1.75 ms
Example2 (For Same Arrival Time)

Process No Arrival Time (AT) Burst Time (BT)

P1 0 7

P2 0 5

P3 0 5
Example1

Quantum = 2
Ready Queue:
P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1
T=0
Running Queue:

P1
 T=0  2 P2     4 P3      6 P1    8 P2    10 P3    12 P1   14 P2 15 P3 17 P1 18
Example2 (For Same Arrival Time)

Process No Arrival Time Burst Time Completion Turn Around Waiting Time
(AT) (BT) Time (CT) Time (TAT) (WT)

P1 0 7 18 18-0=18 11

P2 0 5 15 15-0=15 10

P3 0 5 17 17-0=17 12
Example2

• Total Turn Around Time = 50 ms


So, Average Turn Around Time = 50/3 = 16.667 ms
• And, Total Waiting Time = 33 ms
So, Average Waiting Time = 33/3 = 11.00 ms
Code Snippet
The Round Robin algorithm is a fair and efficient CPU
scheduling algorithm that provides each process with an
equal time slice, making it ideal for real-time systems.

Conclusion

While Round Robin may not always be the most optimal


choice, it strikes a balance between fairness and efficiency.

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