COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMEN
T
Cognitive development is the way children
think, explore, and observe the things around
them. It involves the development of
knowledge, disposition, and problem-solving
skills which helps them to get a better
understanding of the world around them. 
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNERS
ENVIRONMENT

Environment plays a key role in influencing the cognitive development of an individual. To ensure
proper cognitive development in children, a motivating and encouraging environment is necessary. 
Lucurto (1990) observed that a child’s intelligence increased when they were surrounded by an
encouraging and positive environment.
HOME ENVIRONMENT

A child’s home environment can also affect their cognitive development.  If a child is exposed to
early learning experiences, their intellectual functioning quickens and therefore, they are able to have
a relatively faster cognitive development.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

• Socio-economic status refers to the social status and economic health of an individual. A child
belonging to a good socio-economic background is likely to gain better educational attainment
than someone who comes from a poor socio-economic background.
HEREDITY

Heredity refers to the transmission of physical, emotional, cognitive, and other characteristics from
parents to children. Heredity is responsible for determining when a child’s cognitive senses are ready
and mature to develop cognitive skills.
EXPERIENCES

Piaget believes that the experiences children witness in the physical and real world has a major
influence on their cognitive development.
LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES

The learning environment and opportunities a child is surrounded with can have a major influence
on their cognitive development. A child who is given learning opportunities from an early age can
reach milestones sooner.
NUTRITION

Nutrition plays an important role in affecting cognitive development. A nutritious and balanced diet
is required to ensure the proper development of a child’s cognitive skills.
CONCLUSION

According to Vygotsky,
“Cognitive abilities are socially guided and constructed.”

Teachers and parents should take all the above factors into consideration and ensure that every
learner gains proper cognitive development.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING