Plumbing Pipes

Arch226 5:30pm TTh

PIPE vs TUBE
Pipe Tube
 Cylindrical conduit/  Cylindrical conduit/
conductor; inside diameter conductor; outside diameter
(I.D.) (O.D.)
Invert
 The lowest portion of the inside of any pipe
Length of Pipe Developed Length
 The length as measured  The length along the center
along of pipe and fittings
Dead End
 Also dead leg
 The extended portion of the pipe that
is closed to one end
 A run of pipework that is no longer
in use
Dead End
 Dead end could cause:
 Stagnant water
 Sludge and slime
 Corrosion
Considerations on Pipes
1. Quality and durability
2. Resistance to external and internal contact with foreign
matters
3. Resistance to acid waste and other chemical elements that
will pass into it
4. Cost of materials and labor
Different Types of Plumbing Pipes
Pipe Lines
Water supply/Waterline Drainage line
 Supply or source of water  Sewer line
 Hot / cold water  Drainage
 Soil and waste
Cast Iron Pipe
Cast Iron Pipe
Advantage Disadvantage
 Most popular and generally  Constant vibration could
specified material for cause water leak on the pipe
drainage system in buildings joints
 Durable, conveniently  Affected by corrosion and
installed may rust

Cast iron pipe are not allowed more than 25 storeys high
Cast Iron Pipe
Four Varieties of Cast Iron Pipe
1. Standard pipe
2. Single Hub pipe
3. Double Hub pipe
4. Hubless pipe (1.50 meters)
Cast Iron Pipe
1. Standard pipe – used for a well-fitted hub & spigot connections
2. Single Hub pipe – recommended when the length of a pipe needed is
more than 150 cm long wherein cutting is not necessary
3. Double Hub pipe – preferred when a piece of pipe needed is shorter than
150 cm long. When cut, both ends has hub to serve as joint connector
4. Hubless pipe – used in lieu of the single hub to do away w/ caulking of
joints; cheaper & easily connected using neoprene rubber sleeves
Bell and Spigot
Bell or Hub – enlarged to receive end of pipe
Spigot – ends of pipes
Hubless Pipes
 Plain ends connected with
bolted stainless steel bands
and neoprene gaskets
Asbestos Pipe
Asbestos Pipe
(water mains)
 Made of asbestos fibers and Portland cement
 Thickness is twice as that of standard cast iron pipe
 Used as soil, waste, ventilation and downspout
 Remarkably superior for embedment in concrete structure for
having the same material properties
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
 Cheapest among the sewer pipes
 Sometimes recommended for house sewer and for septic tank
installation
 Light in weight, slightly flexible which could take slight soil
movement without danger of cracking or pulling out from its
joint
Disadvantage:
 Excessive hot water or chemical flow may soften or damage
the pipe
Vitrified Clay Pipe
Vitrified Clay Pipe (0.75 meters)
 One of oldest materials used for sewer lines
 Made out of clay, cast into length of 75 centimeters treating
with glazing compound
 Highly resistant to most acid wastes
 Durable to underground installations like public sewer, house
sewer or storm drain
Disadvantage:
 Physical property is brittle; should not be laid on unstable
ground base
Lead Pipe
Lead Pipe
 One of the oldest plumbing materials as soil and waste pipe
 Highly resistant to acid and is suitable for underground
installation
 But, because it is poisonous and injurious to human health, it is
never used to convey water for human consumption
Galvanized Pipe
Galvanized Steel Pipe (6.00 meters)
 Made out from mild steel, drawn to a die and welded
 Easily corroded by alkaline and acid water
 Deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply line
 Not to be installed closer than 6” (150mm) in to the earth
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
 Is better in quality than the steel pipe for plumbing installation
 More resistant to acid than the steel pipe
Brass Pipe
Brass Pipe
(water service and water distribution)
 One of the most expensive types of pipe
 Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
 Because of its smooth interior surface and high resistance to
acid, it become superior material for waste and water supply
installations
 Used material in water meter
Copper Pipe
Copper Pipe
 A durable and extremely corrosive resistant material
 Easy to install
 Suitable to hot water lines
 Cost little more than the steel pipe, but its fittings cost lesser
than that of the steel pipe
Copper Pipe
 Three types, depending upon its wall thickness:
 K type – heaviest; suitable for underground installation
 L type – lighter than K; both rigid and flexible form; commonly used in
residential water supply line and for radiant heating installation
 M type – thinnest and available only in rigid form; for small water
supply lines and for radiant heating installation
Features of Copper Pipe
1. Could be used as drain and vent pipe
2. Could be used as cold water supply line
3. Excellent material for hot water lines
4. Can replace rusted or choked-up sections of galvanized steel pipe
5. No special tools required to install nor threading is necessary
6. Bent easily
7. Measuring is less critical
8. Needs fewer joints and fittings
9. Comes in longer length
10. May be used one size smaller than a steel pipe
Aluminum Tubing
Aluminum Tubing
 Above-ground use only
 Joined by mechanical joints
 Coated to prevent corrosive action
Borosilicate Glass
Borosilicate Glass
 Used above or below ground
 Heavy pipe schedule
Plastic Pipes
Plastic Pipe
 New concept in the field of plumbing
 Developed in Germany in the mid year 1935
 Was introduced in Philippines at early 70s
 Solvent Cement – used to join plastic pipes
Advantage of Plastic Pipe
1. More resistant to rust and corrosion
2. Water conveyed has no pipe tastes
3. The extreme smooth interior surface prevents the buildup of scale, rust and
foreign material that often impedes flow through metallic pipes
4. No turbulence of water; has minimum resistance to flow
5. PVC pipe and fittings weighs about 1/5 of the metal pipe; easily and quickly
installed through solvent cement
6. Cast in longer length and easy to cut as well as to install
7. PVC pipe can be connected to existing metal pipe using a threaded adapter
8. PVC is virtually acid proof to any chemical used in recommended strengths
around the home
9. No special tools are needed for installing PVC except a rule to measure and a
saw to cut
Certain chemicals such as acetone, paint remover or paint brush
cleaner should not be poured in PVC or any other drainage pipe
Types of Plastic Pipes
1. Rigid type 2. Flexible type (30.00 m)
a. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – a. Polyethylene (PE)
3.0m b. Polybutylene (PB) – 150m
b. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
(cPVC) – 3.0m
c. Unplasticized Polyvinyl
Chloride (uPVC) – 3.0m
d. Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS)
e. Polypropylene (PPR) – 4.0m
f. Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
 Water service – pressure-rated potable water use
 Drain, waste & vent – black/gray color; above or below
ground/joined by solvent-weld cement
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (cPVC)
 White/cream colored plastic pipe for water distribution
Polyethylene (PE)
 Black/bluish for water
services
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
 Drain/vent pipe
 PVC potable water – blue (white*)
 PVC drainpipes – gray, orange, brown
 Cold water line only
PP-R
 High-purity and designed for
strength and rigidity
 Used in potable plumbing,
hydronic heating and cooling,
and reclaimed water
 Joined by heat fusion rather than
gluing
Water Service Pipe
 ABS  PE
 Asbestos Cement Pipe  PVC
 Brass Pipe  PPR
 Cast Iron Pipe
 Copper Pipe
 cPVC
 Galvanized Steel Pipe
 PB
Drain, Waste & Vent (DWV) Pipe
 ABS
 Aluminum Tubing
 Borosilicate Glass
 Brass Pipe
 Cast Iron Pipe
 Copper Pipe
 Galvanized Steel Pipe
 PVC
Color Coding
(based on Plumbing Code)
 Blue – potable water
 Green – domestic water; uPVC
 White – high temp., high steam division; PPR, Copper tube
 Black – oil and fuel pipe
 Fire red – Stand pipe, fire line
 Spiral red – wrought iron pipe
 Gray – industrial waste