Equilibrium

Today, we are going to talk about equilibrium. Equilibrium is a

state of physical balance. It keeps all the things in balance.

Linn Myat Aung

Without the equilibrium,

we cannot live.
 What’s equilibrium?
Equilibrium is reached when there is a uniform
distribution of solvent particles or when there is
an equal concentration of solute on each side of a
membrane.

Aung Kaung Kyaw

 What’s the example of
equilibrium?
An example of equilibrium in everyday life is a book on a
table at rest. Here the weight of the book and the reaction
force exerted by the table on the book cancel each other
thus keeping the book in static equilibrium.

Shin Thant Lwin

(Jerry)
Who found the equilibrium and when
did he find it?
The balance of competing
levels of supply and
demand in different markets
ultimately creates a price
equilibrium. French
economist Leon Walras
introduced and developed
the theory in the late 19th
century.
 Vertebrate meaning and explanation

Vertebrates animals are animals that have

backbones such as wolves, lions, or cats.
These animals walk with four arms. Some of
the vertebrate animals can even stand up.

Linn Myat Aung

 Invertebrate meaning
Invertebrate animals are animals that
don’t have backbones. Invertebrate
animals move slithery. Those animals
are worms, octopus or insects.

Myat Thawtar Khit

 Geologic
In the Early Triassic, oxygen levels are significantly lower
due to the extinction of many land plants. In Middle Triassic,
the earth is recovering from the Permian-Triassic extinction.
Small dinosaurs, Therapsids, and archosaurs begin to appear.
In the Jurassic period, dinosaurs thrived as the first mammals
and birds evolved. Ocean life diversified and the earth was
very warm. In the Late Jurassic, the earliest lizards have
appeared and primitive placental mammals have evolved.
Dinosaurs dominate both land landmasses. Large marine
reptiles inhabited the ocean and pterosaurs were the dominant
flying vertebrates.
Aung Kaung Kyaw
In the Early Cretaceous, the world is
warm and had no polar ice cap.
Large reptiles dominated and
mammals remained small. Flowering
plants evolve and spread throughout
the world. In the Cretaceous period,
Ceratopsian and
pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs
evolve. Modern mammal, bird, and
insect groups emerge. In the Late
Cretaceous, a mass extinction
occurs leading to the extinction of
dinosaurs, many marine
invertebrates, and other species.
Myat Thawtar Khit
In early tertiary, following the asteroid
impact that killed the dinosaurs, surviving
birds, mammals, and reptiles diversified.
Early whales evolved from land mammals.
In mid tertiary, mammals have evolved from
small, simple forms to a diverse group.
Primates, cetaceans, and other groups
evolve. The Earth cools and deciduous
plants become more common. In Neocene
period, mammals and birds continue to
evolve into modern forms. Early hominids
emerge in Africa.

Aung Kaung Kyaw

What is difference between the past and
present’s atmosphere?
The past atmosphere is filled with
more carbon dioxide and less
oxygen. But when life started to
form, there was no carbon dioxide
in the past. Present atmosphere is
filled with oxygen but more carbon
dioxide but people started to do
factories and there were more
carbon dioxide.
This picture shows that earth started from 4540 billion years ago
where the earth is from with magma to 0 million billion years ago
where humans started to appear.
 How much important is
equilibrium for our life?
When equilibrium
reactions are disrupted,
such as the binding of
oxygen by hemoglobin, as
in carbon monoxide
poisoning, it can be life-
threatening. Conversely,
controlling an equilibrium
reaction is important in
chemical manufacturing,
like in the synthesis of
Shin Thant Lwin(Jerry)
ammonia.
 Why is equilibrium important
for our life?
Some chemical reactions happen spontaneously, like metal rusting.
Other reactions are non-spontaneous and need to absorb energy in order
to occur. Equilibrium reactions in the human body are essential for life
and can be exploited in chemical manufacturing as well.

Shin Thant Lwin(Jerry)

 Equilibrium details
Equilibrium is a calm state of mind or a state of balance between
opposing forces. All living things and non-living things need
equilibrium because it keeps all things balanced. Without it, we can’t
live. For example, if there are a lot of carbon dioxide and less oxygen,
we will die. That’s why equilibrium keeps all balance and equal.

Myo Khant Kyaw

 Food web
There are 5 parts that are included in the food web. Producers,
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers. Producers are
plants or grass. Herbivores are rabbits or dears. Carnivores are tigers or
lions. Omnivores are humans or eagles. Decomposers are
microorganisms that eat the dead parts of living things. So, what
happens if we take out microorganisms in the food web? There will a lot
of dead things and it will ruin other parts of the food web. That’s why
equilibrium maintains the food web balance equally.

Khine Su Ye
 Why do organisms interacts with
their environment?
Organisms interact with their environments to survive. For example, a
tiger needs to eat meats otherwise it will die. So, it eats meats to survive.
Cars need oil to run the engine so it can move or it will not run the
engine. That’s the reason why organisms interact with their
environment.
Htut Myat Phone
 THE END
Thank you for listening to
our presentation. We hope
you have a good day. Bye!!!
Linn Myat Aung