Lecture 3 and 4,dated:3rd Dec.2020.

• Farkhanda Noor Muhammad’s book,Pg. No.75

• Battle of Hunain (8th Hijra)
• Siege of Ta’if
• Expedition of Tabuk
 Battle of Hunain (8th Hijra)

• Introduction:
• Cause of the battle/background of the battle.
• Events
• Consequences/Results/Outcomes/Impact
/Effects of the battle.
 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra) th

• Battle of Hunayn
• Date: 630 A.D. (8 AH)
• Location: Hunain, near al-Ta’if in south-western Arabia
• Result:
• Muslim victory
• 24,000 camels captured as booty.
• Two Sides
• Muslims, Quraysh.
• Hawazin, Thaqif.
• Commanders and leaders:
• Muhammad SAW
• Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri
• Strength:
• 12,000 – 20,000
• Casualties and losses 
• 70 killed
• 6,000 women and children taken prisoners.
 Battle of Hunain (8th Hijra)

• Some tribes that preferred resistance

• Hawazin
• Thaqif
• People of Bani Hilal
• Malik bin ‘Awf and Duraid bin As-Simmah
• Malik bin ‘Awf – the general leader
• Duraid bin As-Simmah – A war experienced
man
 Battle of Hunain (8th Hijra)

• The Messenger of Allah (saws) leaves Makkah

for Hunayn in the month of Shawwal.
• Muslim army consisted of twelve thousand.
• Ten thousand of those who had taken part in
the conquest of Makkah
• A great number of the two thousand from
those who accepter Islam after the conquest
of Makkah.
 Battle of Hunain (8th Hijra)

• Attack at early dawn by the Muslims was

planned.
• The Muslim army stunned by the archers and
attackers
• Unaware of the enemy, Khalid bin Waleed the
leader of the advance guards faced an ambush
and got greatly wounded.
• Shower of arrows and fierce attack by the
enemies
 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra)th

• The Prophet (saws) stood firm during the attack

saying “Come on, people! I am the Messenger
of Allâh. I am Muhammad, the son of
Abdullah.”
• A few of the emigrants and some of his kinsmen
stood by him.
• He went on saying "Truly saying, I am the
Prophet I am the (grand) son of Abdul
Muttalib."
 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra) th

• Muslims return to the battlefield.

• Al-’Abbas calls out to the Muslims.
• The Muslims respond instantaneously.
• Those who couldn’t turn their camels jumped off from the back
and started running back to the battle.
• Reverse of fortune and the enemy’s utter defeat
• When the fight grew fierce, the messenger of Allah (saws),
picking up a handful of gravel, hurled it at the face of the enemy.
• This caused their eyes to get thick with dust and they retreated
in utter confusion.
• Within a few hours the enemy begin to flee.
 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra) th

• Hot Pursuit of the Enemy

• The enemy troops disperse in several places:
• Ta’if
• Nakhlah
• Awtas
• A group of Muslims was sent to chase them down
• The messenger (saws) himself left for Ta’if to face
the greatest number
 Siege of Ta’if

• Ta’if campaign
• Considered as an extension of the Hunayn battle because most of the defeated
troops of Hawazin and Thaqif retreated there.
• The enemy fortified themselves in castle.
Siege at Taif
• Lots of arrow shooting and rock hurling by the enemy.
• Muslims retreat to a higher place and shell their castle.
• The enemy pours molten iron on the Muslims when they get inside the castle.
• The Prophet SAW himself proceeded and laid siege that continued for 20 days
after which it was lifted.

• The whole of Ta’if accepted Islam in 9A.H.

 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra) th

• Distribution of the Booty at Jirana:

• First receivers were the chiefs of tribes.
• The ones to receive the most shares were the new
converts.
• The story of Shaima:Ash-Shaymaa was the foster
daughter of Haleemah and so the Prophet’s foster sister.
• She, being one of the captives of Hunayn, was able to
locate the Prophet recalling the bite mark he had given
her a long time ago when they were playing as very
small children.
 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra) th

• Arrival of the Hawazin delegation

• Delegation of fourteen men lead by Zuhair bin Sard arrives
as Muslims demand their women and children back to
which the Prophet (saws) agrees and ultimately the rest of
the army agrees.
• Having accomplished the distribution of the spoils at Al-
Ji‘ranah he left it while wearing Al-‘Umrah clothes and
proceeded to Makkah to perform Al-‘Umrah. The
Messenger of Allâh [pbuh] turned back from there to
Madinah after appointing ‘Atab bin Usaid on Makkah as
governor.
 Battle of Hunain (8 Hijra) th

• Conflict with the Ansar regarding the booty:“If the people

took their way through a valley or mountain pass, I would
take my way through the Ansar’s valley or mountain pass.“
• “Assuredly Allah did help you in many battle-fields and on
the day of Hunain: Behold! your great numbers elated you,
but they availed you naught: the land, for all that it is
wide, did constrain you, and ye turned back in retreat. But
Allah did pour His calm on the Messenger and on the
Believers, and sent down forces which ye saw not: He
punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He reward those
without Faith.” [Quran 9:25]
 The Expedition of Tabuk.(the expedition of straitness)

• (The month of Rajab, 9th year of the Migration /

AD 630)
 Cause
• The news of Roman emperor had gathered an
army and was near the frontier.
• The Prophet SAW declared jihad.
Critical situation: of famine, extreme heat and
scarcity of water, the dates had ripened to be
plucked,shortage of weapons.
 The Expedition of Tabuk

• The Prophet SAW ‘s appeal for donations and subscriptions

• The contributions by Abu Bakr,Omar, Uthman and Abdur Rahman bin Auf.
• Uthman gave the three hundred camels with the goods on them to the
Messenger of God. He also gave fifty horses and one thousand coins of gold.
• Abdurrahman b. Awf joined the help campaign of the Messenger of God with
four thousand dirhams.
Role of hypocrites.
Many munafiqs asked the Prophet to be exempt from the war through various
excuses. Thereupon, the Prophet gave permission to more than eighty
munafiqs. 
• Three Famous People
• Along with some munafiqs, unfortunately three sincere Muslims stayed behind
in Madinah due to their neglect. They were Ka’b b. Malik, Hilal b. Umayya and
Murara b. Rabi’
 Review of the battles fought by the Prophet SAW

• The Prophet SAW left Madinah with 30,000 stronge,leaving

Ali behind as deputy.
• Hazrat Ali started to cry; he said, “O Messenger of God! I
want to be with you wherever you go. That is what I wanted
most. Are you leaving me with the children and women?”
• The Prophet said, “Do you not want to be to me as Aaron
(Aaron) is to Moses (Musa)? There is only one difference;
there will be no prophets after me.” Thereupon, Ali returned
to Madinah very quickly.
• The events of the expedition.
• The Prophet SAW stayed at Tabuk for 20 days and returned.
 The Expedition of Tabuk

• Great Victory
• The Islamic army did not confront anybody in Tabuk.
However, it was a great success for the Islamic army
to cover such a distance under very hard
circumstances and to attempt to confront the
enemy. This expedition was also a clear challenge to
the Byzantine Empire, one of the biggest states of
that time. The fact that the challenge was not
responded was very significant. This showed that
there was no power to face the power of Islam.   
 The Expedition of Tabuk

• 12/May/June 2015
• 4 (a) Write about the main events of two of the following
battles: Khaybar, Mu’ta, Hunain, Tabuk. [10]
• (b) Choose one of the four battles mentioned and explain
what Muslim leaders now can learn from it. [4]
• May/June 2018/12
• 3 (a) Write about the main events of the battles of
Khaybar and Tabuk. [10]
• (b) The Battle of Tabuk became a mission of peace
instead of war. What can Muslims learn from this? [4]