SPEEDY CONSTRUCTION

PRESENTED BY:-
AKASH HALDER
FAIZAN HUSAIN
MICHELLE GEEJO
SHAURYA SHARMA
3RD YEAR 6TH SEM

PRESENTED
TO:-
AR. OP GUPTA
 Speedy Construction
 In general concrete construction, we noticed that cast elements (beams, columns, slabs, etc.)
require time to harden. This is a long process required for the concrete to harden. Today,
however, large projects are looking for newer methods to build faster. The rapid and efficient
construction of the concrete core of the building is necessary so that the development in other
parts of the building continues in stages. Formwork is one of the most important factors in the
success of a construction project, both in terms of speed, quality costs and operational safety, as it
accounts for approximately 40% of the total cost of a construction project. To minimize the costs the
contractor needs to complete the project as soon as possible and the client wants the building to use the
building as early as possible for the intended purpose. In building construction the most efficient way to
speed up the work is by achieving a very short floor cycle. That directly depends on the selected form work
type for the construction.

Types Of Floor Construction

• Cast in situ
• Precast and composite construction
Cast-in-situ

 The cast-in-situ concrete is standard concrete which is poured into

the specific formwork on the site and cured to get the strength of
RCC elements. In-situ is most commonly a mixture of aggregate
(known as builder's mix) blended with Portland cement and clean
water, that is free of oils, acid and others.

 In site techniques are often more labor-intensive, and take longer, but
the materials are cheaper, and the work is versatile and adaptable.
 Column, slab etc. elements are cast on site and hence it is difficult to
control mix, placement and curing in cast-in-situ concrete.
 More labours are required.
 In situ concrete construction is slow as gaining of strength requires
time.
 Weather condition can delay the casting work.
 In situ concrete is a cheaper form of construction for small
structures.
 Less maintenance cost.
 More resistant to earthquake and wind forces.
Precast Construction
Poured concrete is an alternative to cast-in-place concrete. Placed concrete is poured on site, while precast
concrete is poured elsewhere, either on a construction site or in a factory, and then lifted to its final resting
place and securely fastened. This means that unlike cast-in-place construction, which is monolithic or
continuous, concrete elements are made of separate parts that are bolted or connected together.

Advantages of precast construction

 The construction is done on the ground rather than at a height

 It can be done inside a climate-controlled structure, eliminating problems of rain, dust, cold, or heat
 Specialized formwork (moulds) can be built for doing many repetitions of the same component
 Specialized equipment can be used to make, move, and pour the liquid concrete
 Curing of the concrete can be done in a controlled environment

Disadvantages of precast construction

 Since each piece is made separately, the structural frame or system is not monolithic or continuous like
regular concrete construction. The joints between pieces create structural discontinuity. The forces of
the building will pass through these joints, so they have to be designed to transfer these forces safely and
properly.
 Again, as the building is made of discrete components, the joints between adjacent members have to be
sealed with special sealants to make them waterproof
 Each precast component is usually large and heavy. This means that cranes are required to lift them in
position; these cranes are required to operate over the entire building volume. Since there will only be a few
cranes at site, the time taken by the cranes to pick up a piece and shift it to its final position becomes
critical in determining the building schedule.
Composite Construction

 Composite construction refers to two load-carrying structural

members that are integrally connected and deflect as a single
unit.

 Composite construction provides a method of using two materials

together so as to utilize each material to its best advantage.

 Construction, as defined herein, is the use of a cast-in-place

concrete slab placed upon and interconnected to a prefabricated
beam, so that the combined beam and slab will act together as a
unit. The prefabricated beam may be a rolled or built-up steel
shape, a precast reinforced concrete beam, a prestressed concrete
beam, a timber beam, or even light-gauge steel decking. The
interconnection to obtain the single unit action is by combinations
of mechanical shear connectors, friction, and shear keys.

 The most important and most frequently encountered combination

of construction materials is that of steel and concrete, with
applications in multi-storey commercial buildings and
factories, as well as in bridges.

 This has become a standard type of construction in high rise

buildings selected by many architects, engineers and developers.
Advantages of Composite construction

 The concrete acts together with the steel to create a stiffer, lighter, less expensive structure.
 Speed and simplicity of construction- faster to erect, nearly 25% faster then
traditional construction.
 Lighter construction than a traditional concrete building.
 Less material handling at site.
 Has better ductility and hence superior lateral load behavior; better earthquake
resister.
 Ability to cover large column free area in buildings and longer span for
bridges/flyovers.

Disadvantages of Composite construction

 Provide misleading messages about quality if poorly constructed or misinterpreted.
 Lead to simplistic policy conclusions.
 Can be misused, if the construction process is not transparent and lacks sound
statistical or
conceptual principles.
 Selection of metrics and weights can be challenged by other stakeholders.
One Way Slab
A unidirectional slab is a slab supported by parallel walls or beams with a length-to-width ratio of two or
more, and which bends in only one direction (web direction) when the load is transferred to the two
supporting walls or beams. . its geometry. Simply put, it only stretches and bends in one direction.

•The direction (shorter side of

slab) in which load is transferred
is known as span. A one-way slab
is designed for the spanning
direction alone as it bends in only
one direction.
The main tension reinforcing bars
therefore run parallel (spaced
uniformly) to the shorter span and
are usually placed at the bottom of
slab.

B
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h
a
v
i
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r
One-way Slabs and Two-way Slabs
One Way Solid Slabs

In one-way solid slab (with beams) system, the slab is

supported on beams. Depending on beam and column
arrangements, this system can be designed for wide
ranges of the load conditions.

One-way in-situ solid slabs are the most basic form of

slab. Deflection usually governs the design, and steel
content is usually increased to reduce service stress and
increase span capacity. Generally employed for utilitarian
purposes in offices, retail developments, warehouses,
stores and similar buildings. Can be economical for spans
from 4 to 6 m.

Advantages:
 Medium to long spans.
 Lightweight. Disadvantages:
 Higher formwork costs than for other slab systems.
 Holes in topping easily accommodated.
 Slightly greater floor thicknesses.
 Large holes can be accommodated.
 Slower floor to floor cycle.
 Profile may be expressed architecturally
 One Way Solid Slabs with Wide Beams

Used in car parks, schools, shopping

centre's, offices and similar buildings
where spans in one direction
predominate and live loads are
relatively light.
 Slabs effectively span
between relatively wide and
edges of
shallow bandthebeams.
Overall depths are typically
governed by deflection and the
need to suit formwork, and so the
beam down-stands are ideally
restricted to 150 mm.

Advantages/disadvantages

Providing medium-range spans, these slabs are fast and simple to construct and can accommodate
Large and small holes. They also facilitate the distribution of horizontal services, but the associated
Down-stand beams may result in greater storey height, and can deter fast formwork cycles.
One-way Ribbed Slab (with Beams)

Introducing voids to the soffit of a

slab reduces dead-weight and
increases. The efficiency of the
concrete section. The profile may be
expressed architecturally and/or used
for passive cooling. Can be economic
in the range 8 to 12 m. Ribs
should be at least 150 mm wide to
suit reinforcement detailing.

Advantages/disadvantages
These lightweight slabs provide medium to long spans. Compared with solid slabs, a slightly deeper section is
required, but the stiffer floors facilitate longer spans and the provision of holes. The saving in materials tends
to be offset by some complication in formwork (commonly expanded polystyrene moulds on flat
formwork/false-work) and reinforcement operations, which make voided slabs slower to construct.
 Ribbed Slabs with Wide Beams

Used in car parks and offices where

spans in one direction predominate and
imposed loads are relatively light. The
band beam has a relatively wide, shallow
cross-section that reduces the overall
depth of the floor while permitting longer
spans. Overall depths are typically
governed by deflection.

Advantages/disadvantages

These lightweight floors provide medium to long spans that can accommodate large holes (provided the
beams are avoided). The need for more complex formwork makes them slower to construct, and the floor
depth is greater than the solid slab band beam option.
 Troughed slabs or One-way Ribbed Slab (with Integral Beams)

 Troughed slabs are popular in spans

up to 12 m as they combine the
advantages of ribbed slabs with those
of level soffits. The profile may be
expressed architecturally, and/or used
for passive cooling. Economic depths
depend on the widths of beams used.
 Deflection is usually critical to the
design of the beams, which,
therefore, tend to be wide and heavily
reinforced.

Advantages/disadvantages
These lightweight floors provide longer spans than one-way solid or flat slabs. They create level
soffits and the provision of holes causes little or no problem in the ribbed area, but formwork
costs are higher and time required is longer than for plain soffits.
Two Way Slab
Two-way slabs are slabs that are supported on four sides. In two-way slabs, the load will be carried in
both directions, thus main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two-way slabs. The slabs are
considered as spanning two- way when the longer to shorter span length is less than a ratio of two. The
bending of these slabs takes the shape of a dish-like form when loaded uniformly.

Types of two-way slab:-

•Solid slabs
•Waffle slabs designed as Two-Way slabs
•Waffle slabs designed as Two-Way slabs with
integral beams and level soffits
•Flat slabs
•Flat slabs with drops
•Flat slabs with column heads
•Waffle slabs designed as flat slabs
 Solid Slabs
 Solid Slabs are fully customizable concrete slabs of varying width, length and thickness. Solid Slabs can be
designed and produced with mild reinforcing or by adding prestressing strands. They can be used in a variety
of applications such as bridges, piers, building floors, roof systems, detention vault lids and boat
launches. Solid Slabs can be cast with specialty inserts for lifting, mounting or connecting hardware. They can
be produced with smooth, broom or raked finishes.

 Solid slabs are prestressed concrete elements

that have a constant cross section. They are
manufactured using high tensile strength
prestressed strands or single wire which are
embedded within the element.
 Solid slabs are used as floor elements in
residential, social and commercial construction
which require a slab with a high level of
loading, high fire resistance and good acoustic
and thermal insulation.
 To ensure adequate fire resistance the slab can
be manufactured with a different configuration
of the lower part to give a greater concrete
covering of the steel mesh.
SOLID SLABS

SOLID SLABS

SLIPFORMER FOR SOLID SLABS

SOLID SLABS AS WALL

ELEMENTS WITH
MALE/FEMALE SIDE
Waffle Slabs Designed as Two-way Slabs
 A waffle slab is a type of building material that has two-directional
reinforcement on the outside of the material, giving it the shape of the
pockets on a waffle.
 This type of reinforcement is common on concrete, wood and metal
construction. A waffle slab gives a substance significantly more
structural stability without using a lot of additional material.
 This makes a waffle slab perfect for large flat areas like foundations or
floors.

Appearance :

 The top of a waffle slab is generally smooth, like a traditional

building surface, but the underside has a shape reminiscent of a
waffle.
 Straight lines run the entire width and length of the slab, generally
raised several inches from the surface.
 These ridges form the namesake square pockets of the entire
length and width of the slab
 Design and Production of the Waffle Slab

 Production :
 Waffle slabs can be casted by placing he pods on he formwork
itself or they can be available pre-casted.
 Concrete waffle slabs can be purchased and shipped to the
construction site as prefabricated or precast sections, or they can be
poured on-site.
 If prefabricated products are not in the budget, consider
purchasing casts for the concrete waffle slabs.
 The pre-casted pods are then placed directly on the site and then
provided with reinforcement and filled with concrete.

 Design :
 There are three basic designs for concrete slabs that improve the
strength-to- weight ratio. For each design, the top surface is flat
while the underside is modulated with either a corrugated, ribbed
or waffle design.
 Corrugated slabs are created when concrete is poured into a
wavy metal form. This shape prevents the slab from sagging.
 Ribbed slabs add strength in one direction, while the concrete
waffle slab design adds strength in perpendicular directions.
Concrete slabs can be reinforced with rebar for additional
strength.
Services Provided in Waffle Slab

Due to the holes in the waffle system following services can be

provided:
 Air-conditioning
 Plumbing
 Lighting
 Insulation Materials
 Wiring,etc.
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

SOLID SLABS

REINFORCEMENT DETAIL AT REINFORCEMENT DETAIL AT

JUNCTION OF WALL AND JUNCTION OF BEAM AND
WAFFLE SLAB. WAFFLE SLAB.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Arranging the Fixing the Fixing the Providing a horizontal Placing the
Framework Connectors Framework connector Pods

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Fixing pods to Removing Removing Removing Providing
the connectors framework connectors pods stacking
Advantages and Disadvantages
 Advantages :
 Waffle slabs are able to carry heavier loads
and span longer distances than flat slabs these
as
systems are light in weight.
 Suitable for spans of 7m – 16m ; longer spans
 may be possible with post tensioning.
 It is also economical as the amount of concrete and
steel is reduced as compared to flush slabs. Saving
15% concrete and 10% steel as compared to
traditional T beams.
 These systems are light in weight and hence
considerable saving is ensured in the framework as
light framework is required.
 Coffered underside is usually left exposed for
 visual appearance.
 Dis -advantages :
 Construction requires strict supervision and skilled
labour.
 The casting forms or moulds required for pre- cast
units are very costly and hence only economical
when large scale production of similar units are
desired.
 Headroom is reduced , hence increased storey
height.
 Due to waffle ceiling , it creates problem in
lighting
facilities and hanging pipes or ducts.
Waffle Slabs Designed as Two-way Slabs with Integral Beams and Level Soffits

These slabs are popular in spans up to 10m.They combine the advantages of waffle slabs with those of level soffits.
The standard moulds are 225, 325 and 425mm deep and are used with toppings between 50 and 150 mm thick. The
ribs are 125mm wide on a 900 mm grid.
Depth is governed by deflection of the beams, which ,therefore, tend to be heavily reinforced. The chart and data
assume internal beams at least 1925mm wide (i.e.. Two waffle wide) and perimeter beams at least 962mm (i.e. one
waffle) plus column width/2, wide. They include an allowance for an edge loading of 10 kn/m.
Advantages And Disadvantages

 Advantages :
• Medium spans
• Lightweight
• Level soffit
• Profile may be expressed architecturally, or used for
heat transfer

 Dis -advantages :
• Higher formwork costs than for plain soffits.

• Slow. Difficult to prefabricate reinforcement.

 Chattrapati Shivaji Terminal,India
Metropol Parasol,Italy Lodytel Communication
It is the world’s largest wooden It is recognized for its Development Centre,
structure which is made up of waffle innovative column design Spain
system. which also consists waffle It was the first building to use
design. the Holedeck pods for
waffle sytem.
Flat Slab
 Flat slab called beamless slab is a slab supported directly by
columns without beams. A part of slab bounded on each of the
four sides by centre line of column is called a panel. Panel may
be divided into column strip and middle strip.
 A flat plate is a two-way system usually supported directly on
columns or load-bearing walls. The main feature of the flat plate
floor is a uniform thickness with a flat soffit which requires
only simple formwork and is easy to construct. The floor allows
great flexibility for locating horizontal services above a
suspended ceiling or in a bulkhead. A flat plate with pre-
stressing tendons (PT) results in longer spans and thinner slabs.

Usage:- Economic Span Range:-

•Office buildings – Low Rise & High Rise •5-8m (Conventional RC)
•Residential buildings – Low Rise & High Rise •6-10m ( Post-Tensioned)
•Parking
•Hotels
Flat Slab
Advantages:
Typically has the lowest floor to floor cycle time of the cast in-situ
options due to the most simplified formwork and reinforcement
detailing.
No beams - simplifying under-floor services.
Minimum structural depth and reduced floor-to-floor height.

Disadvantages:
Long-term deflection may be a controlling factor.
May not be suitable for heavy loads.
High concentration of reinforcement around the columns in order to
ensure the slab has adequate punching shear capacity.

Benefits of Flat Slab:

 Flexibility in room layout
 Saving in building height
 Shorter construction time
 Prefabricated welded mesh
Flat Slab with Drop Panels
• Drop panels, formed by thickening the bottom of the slab
around columns, increase shear capacity and the stiffness of
the slab, allowing thinner slabs to be used. A flat slab with
prestressing tendons (PT) results in longer spans and thinner
slabs.

Usage:-
•Office buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Residential buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Parking
•Hotels

Economic Span Range:-

•6-9m (Conventional RC)
•7-11m ( Post-Tensioned)
Flat Slab with Drop Panels
Advantages:
•More efficient structural
system than a flat plate,
typically with lower stress
concentration at column
locations.
•Slabs are generally thinner in
comparison to the flat plate
solution.
•Absence of beams allows
lower storey heights.
•Flexibility of partition location
and horizontal service
distribution.

Disadvantages:
•Formwork is more
complicated than with a flat
slab system, which can
increase floor to floor cycle
time.
•Drop panels require a higher level of coordination with the services in the ceiling space than flat plates and may not
be architecturally acceptable for areas where suspended ceiling is not envisaged.
 Flat Slab with Drop Panels

Usage:-
•Office buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Residential buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Parking
•Hotels

Economic Span Range:-

•8-11m (Conventional RC)
•9-14m ( Post-Tensioned)
 Lift Slab Construction,

Lift Slab Construction

 Lift slab construction is a method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the
previous slab and then raising the slab up with hydraulic jacks, so being cheaper and faster as it does not need
forms & shores as it is needed for cast-in-place slabs. Lift-slab construction can be more economic than
conventional construction when the building is vertically uniform, such as for hotels, apartment buildings, and
dormitories, and where the slab designs are repetitive.
 Lift-slab construction was a revolutionary
idea invented and developed in the early
1950s by a collaboration of Philip N. Youtz
and Thomas B. Slick, resulting in what came
to be known as the Youtz-Slick Lift-Slab
Method of Construction.
 Basically, the method involves casting floor
and roof slabs on or at ground level and
jacking them up into position.
 Flat plate floors are commonly used because
they are so well suited to stack-casting,
requiring for work at only the edges of the The most famous IIR (Institute for Inventive Research) invention was the Youtz-
slab and at floor openings. Slick lift-slab method of building construction, developed concurrently by Mr. Slick
and Philip Youtz, a New York architect, in 1948.
 History
 Originally , lift-slabs were reinforced with mild steel reinforcing, which limited the column
spacing or required very thick slabs.
 With the advent of post-tensioning , however the column spacing was increased and the
thickness of the slabs were reduced.
 Contemporarily, all lift-slabs are post-tensioned.

 Developments in
the construction
field have
changed lift slab
techniques over
its 33 year history,
increase use of
pumping and pre-
stressing has
made cast-in-
place flat plate
work more
efficient.
Photographs one of the earliest,, lift slab structure constructed in the
US.
 Special lifting collars or share heads are provided in the slabs at the columns. Bond breaking compounds are applied
between slabs to separate them.
 After the slabs have cured long enough to reach a prescribed strength powerful hydraulic jacks mounted on top of
the columns lift the slabs into their respective positions.
 A console connected to each hydraulic jack synchronizes the number of turns of the check nuts to assure that the
concrete slabs is being raised the same amount at all points.

 The lift slab technique reduces cost for multistory buildings by eliminating most formwork.
Advantages
 The big advantage of erecting concrete buildings using lift slab construction is elimination of most form work; only
the sides need to be formed , an important factor in areas where labour cost are high.
 Lift slab can be used for heights up to about 16 stories. Economical column spacing ranges from 22 to 32 feet.
Columns may be pipe, tubes or wide flange sections; concrete building columns may be used in 3 to 4 story
buildings not requiring splices.
 Another advantage is reduced handling and hoisting of materials and supplies that can simply be placed on top of
the slabs and lifted with them.
 There is little need for finishing the bottom of the slabs, since they will be as smooth as the floor finish of the slab
below and thus the bottom of the slab can be used directly as a ceiling.
 The technique offers good fire resistance and good acoustic ratings.
 Mass designed into walls, floors and roofs helps to reduce the effects of daily temperature changes.

Limitations
 The method has limitations too, the principal one being that
buildings must be specifically planned for the same , or it
will not have any economic advantages over conventional
construction.
 This method is not used for high rise buildings only use
for 14-15 storey building in wide flange sections.
 Concrete columns are used only in 3-4 story buildings.
 No large span slab are constructed in this type of
construction
The process …..
 The steel and concrete columns are first fixed in position and rigidly connected to the foundation and the ground
floor slab is then cast.
 When it has matured it is sprayed with two or three coats of a separating medium consisting of wax dissolved in a
volatile spirit.
 Polythene sheet or building paper may also be used as an alternative.
 The first floor slab is cast inside edge formwork on top of the ground floor slab and when it is mature it is in turn
coated or covered with the separating medium and next floor slab in cast on top of it.
 The casting of successive slab continues until all the floors and roof have been cast one on
the other on the ground lifting collars are cast into each slab around each column.
 The slab are lifted by jacks operating on the top of each column which lift a pair of steel
rods attached to each lifting collar in the slab being raised.
 A central control synchronizes the process for a uniform lift from all directions.
Fixing Details
General Considerations
 The lift slab method of construction presents certain unique engineering
considerations, during both the design phase and the construction phase of a
project.
 These considerations must be recognized and adequately addressed during
the structural design, during the planning of the lift-slab operation,
during the preparation of shop drawings, and during
construction. the the
 Structural engineering is
engineers employed by required in all of these phases
responsibilities. different by various
organizations and with different

Fixing Details Fargo high rise building

(1960) USA
Tools and Materials
Hydraulic Jacks
This jack is a hydraulic piece of equipment which has positive safety devices on it. The jack can lift slab on columns
loaded up to 100,000 pounds at speeds up to 14 feet an hour.
 Lifting Collars
Lifting collars are cast into it slab around is column providing a
means to lift the slab and also providing shear reinforcement,
they are fixed two columns by building share blocks two plates
welded column flange and to the color after the slab has been
raised in position.

Shear Blocks Bond Breakers

Shear blocks is steel
 The main function of bone breakers is to
component used to hold the
lifted slab and its final minimize dynamic load during lifting or
elevation stripping of precast members and permit their
complete clear separation from casting slab.

 In lift slab construction and working

component permit the slab to be separated
easily from one another.
 Bond breakers include wax dissolve in a
volatile spirit polythene sheet or building
paper may be used as an alternative
Examples

The Johnstone Hall complex

Fargo high rise building, USA Center of banks office complex

Budapest

Living Complex Plovdiv

Cross Wall & Box Frame Construction
Cross-wall is a generic method of building
construction using a series of division or party walls
which transfer the floor loads through the building to
foundation or transfer slab level.

 Applied to buildings in which the walls are at right angles to

the principal axis
 Lateral front and rear external walls are non-load bearing.
 It is a box frame structure,
The open end of the boxes being the cladded main external
walls.
Advantages of Cross wall Construction

 Simplicity of construction the walls

consist of simple unbroken runs of brick-
or block work, or in situ concrete.
 Projecting beams and columns are
eliminated.
 It lends itself to repetition and
standardization of both structural and non-
structural elements and thus to the
prefabrication of the latter.
 The external walls, being free from load,
may be designed with greater freedom in
the choice of materials and finish.
 As a result of these factors, construction
costs are low.

Disadvantages
 The limitation of planning which results when the cross walls are maintained at maximum intervals of about
5.5m.
 It is clear that a building would be structurally unsound if it consisted of a number of detached cross walls
extending through several storey without lateral or longitudinal ties or supports, especially when the cladding is
the light weight type.
 Renovation work is most difficult in such construction.
 Merits of Cross Wall Construction…

•Speed of Construction
Precast allows speedy erection of the structure flexibility and overall program shortening.
•Off-site Manufacture
Manufacturing of the major components off-site reduces the site labour
•Quality Control
Quality control is an ever-increasing requirement in all construction..
•Appearance And Finishes
Factory produced precast components can be produced with a wide range of finishes.

Demerits of cross wall construction…

 The limitation of planning which results when the cross walls are maintained at maximum intervals of about 5.5m.
It is clear that a building would be structurally unsound if it consisted of a number of detached cross walls extending
through several storey without lateral or longitudinal ties or supports, especially when the cladding is the light weight
type.
Uses…
 This type of construction is most suited to building types that are up to 5 storey high.
 The spacing of cross walls varies from 3-5.5 m
 Used at the site where speedy construction is done.
HOTELS
Cross-wall Construction

Hotel construction uses a technique of flat-pack building components referred to as cross-wall construction.
The system comprises vertically cast division walls with optional external grey concrete inner leaf or sandwich panel
construction.

The objective of cross-wall is to reduce wet

trades and create early "dry box" working for
subsequent trades.

 Solid room-sized slabs, pre-finished for

direct ceiling decoration and direct
placement of carpet without the
requirement for screeds
Construction of stairs and lift cores as the
erection progresses permitting early access
for subsequent trades
Student Accommodation
Crosswall Construction

The use of cross-wall construction in student

accommodation gives significant benefits for short-term
build projects where a deadline for opening is critical

Precast concrete construction offers extremely durable

accommodation, capable of sustaining even the toughest
conditions of student living.

By the use of direct finishing techniques to the walls and ceiling,

together with solid room-sized slabs
, and the pre-installation of bathroom pods, cross-wall
construction offers speed of construction
together with economy

Key requirements for economical

construction in student accommodation
include

• Repetition of
room layout
• Consistency of vertical
alignment to division
walls

• Repetition of
Apartments
Modular Build System

Apartment construction has become increasingly popular As a

modular build alternative to traditional steel and in-situ Concrete
frame methods. The system adopted uses cross-wall Construction in a
similar method to the hotel construction system, But differs in that the
variability of room layouts and external Elevations require differing
techniques and innovative thinking to Produce fast-build economical
solutions.

Apartment construction is usually designed with traditional

building solutions which are subsequently modified during the
design process to obtain a competitive edge in design& build
solutions. The benefits of early consultation with precast
structures will result in significant savings in both cost and time,
resulting from economical manufacture solutions and reduced
erection periods.
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