Distribution Strategies

Tujuan
 Mengetahui strategi distribusi
dalam mengelola rantai pasok
OUTLINE

1. Distribution Strategies
 Direct Shipment

 Warehousing

 Cross-Docking

2. Central versus Local Facilities

 Distribution Strategies:
Direct Shipment
 Manufacturer or supplier delivers goods directly to retail stores
 The retailer avoids the expenses of operating a distribution center
 Lead times are reduced
S R

S R
 On the other hand:
 Risk pooling effects are ignored

 The manufacturer and distributor transportation costs increase

because it must send smaller trucks to more locations

 Cross-docking
 Example: JC Penny– 200,000 items, 20,000 suppliers. Each individual store
is responsible for sales forecast and placing orders. Products are directly
shipped to stores.
S R
 Cross-docking CD
S R
 Cross-docking

 Warehouse = inventory coordination point

 From supplier to warehouse to vehicles serving to retailers
 Very little time in storage---less than 12 hours

 Distribution centers, retailers, and suppliers must be linked with

advanced information systems to ensure that all pickups and
deliveries are made within the required time windows
 A fast and responsive transportation system is necessary
 Forecasts are critical, and needs to be shared
 Effective only for large distribution systems (enough volume to
allow deliveries (full truck loads) every day, enough demand to
send shipment to retailers (full truck loads) every day.
 Example: Wal-Mar---85 % of deliveries through cross-docking
(about 50 % for K-Mart). A private satellite communication
system (POS data from retailers to vendors), a fleet of 2000
trucks, replenishment twice a week (almost zero safety stocks
at the retail level—but lots of stock in transit)
 Warehousing
 Warehouses keep stock and supply retailers as demanded

(traditional strategy)

S W R

S W R
 Comparison

Strategy/ Direct Shipment Cross-Docking Warehousing

Attribute
Risk Take
Pooling advantage
Transportation Reduced Reduced
Costs inbound costs inbound costs
Holding No warehouse No
costs costs holding costs
Allocation Delayed Delayed
Central vs Local Facilities
Apakah fasilitas produksi dan gudang terpisah atau
sentralisasi :
Faktor yang dipertimbangkan :
Safety Stock

Overhead

Economies of scale

Lead time

Service

Transportation costs
TUGAS

Terjemahkan dan temukan point pentingnya

 Direct shipment (Example 5 -12 : JC Penny)

 Cross docking ( Example 5 -13 : Wall Mart)