GOVIND BALLABH PANT INSTITUTE OF

ENGG & TECH. (PAURI GARHWAL)

Dept. Of Electrical Engineering

A PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC

STATCOM & SSSC
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. BHOLA JHA
Name- Rahul Chauhan
Branch -EE
I.D-170342
 CONTENTS
 Introduction

 STATCOM and its basic principles

 Operation of STATCOM

 SSSC

 STATCOM vs SSSC
 INTRODUCTION
 In the power system, most of the loads are inductive in nature,
which causes the current to lag behind the voltage, thus creating
a poor power factor.
 Since most loads are in industry are highly inductive, the receiving
end voltage becomes very low, sometimes even lower than the
permissible limits.
 While in OC or lightly loaded line, the receiving end voltage go up
than sending end due to FERRANTI EFFECT, which is also not
desired. So reactive power compensation is very important for
running the power system smoothly.
 So to improve the Voltage profile, power factor and stability of
the system, we use various facts devices like STATCOM & SSSC.
 STATCOM
 A Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is nowadays a fast-acting device capable of providing or
absorbing reactive current and by that regulating the voltage at the point of connection to a power grid
 Usually a STATCOM is installed to support electrical networks that have a poor power factor and often poor
voltage regulation.
 The most common use of STATCOM is for voltage stability. A STATCOM is a voltage source converter (VSC)
based device, with the voltage source behind a reactor.
 It is based on a power electronics voltage-source converter and can act as either a source or sink of reactive
AC power to an electricity network.
 The STATCOM design and fast response makes the technology very convenient for maintaining voltage
during network faults (as STATCOMs are capable to provide fast fault current injection limited to the rated
current), enhancing short term voltage stability.
 BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF STATCOM

The basic principle of reactive power generation by a voltage –sourced

converter(STATCOM) is same like to that of conventional rotating synchronous
machine.

For purely reactive power flow, the three phase induced electromotive forces,
(EMFs),ea,eb and ec of the synchronous rotating machine are in phase with the
system voltages va,vb and vc.

The reactive current “I” drawn by the synchronous compensator is determined

by the magnitude of the system voltage V, that of the internal voltage E, and
the total circuit reactance X.
 Reactive current ;

 Corresponding reactive power;

V2

 By controlling the excitation of the

machine the reactive power flow can be
controlled.
 Increasing E above V (i.e. operating at over-
excited) results in a leading current, that is
the machine is now act as capacitor.

 Decreasing E below V(i.e. operating under-

excited) produces a lagging current, that
machine now act as a reactor(inductor).

 To compensate the mechanical loss and

electrical loss, a small amount of real power
of course flows from the ac system to the
machine.
 WORKING OF STATCOM

 From a dc input voltage source , provided by

the charged capacitor Cs, the converter
produces controllable three-phase output
voltages with the frequency of the ac power
system.

 It is coupled to the corresponding ac system

via a relatively small(0.1-0.15p.u) tie reactance

Basic voltage-sourced
converter scheme for reactive
power generation
 BY varying the amplitude of the output voltage produced
(V0), the reactive power exchange between the converter
and the ac system can be controlled in manner similar to
that of the rotating synchronous machine.

 If the amplitude of the output voltage (V0)is increased

above that of the ac system voltage (V0), then the current
flows through the tie reactance from the converter to the
ac system, and the converter generates reactive
(capacitive) power for the ac system.
 If the amplitude of the output voltage (V0) is
decreased below that of the ac system(V), then
the reactive current flows from the ac system to
the converter and the converter absorbs reactive
(inductive) power.

 If the amplitude of the output voltage is equal to

that of the ac system voltage, the reactive power
exchange is zero and this state is known as the
FLOATING STATE OF STATCOM.

 The practical converter are used for STATCOM is of

single-phase H-bridges or three-phase two level,
multi-pulse inverter , multilevel inverter etc.
V-I CHARACTERISTICS OF STATCOM
 The unique feature of STATCOM is that it can provide full
reactive power compensation at any system voltage even
as low as 0.15 pu.
POWER EXCHANGE DIAGRAM OF STATCOM
SSSC
 Static synchronous series compensator.
 A series-connected synchronous-voltage source that can vary the effective
impedance of a transmission line by injecting a voltage containing an
appropriate phase angle in relation to the line current.
 Has the capability exchanging both real and reactive power with the
transmission system.
 If the injected voltage is in phase with the line current, then the voltage
would exchange real power. On the other hand, if a voltage is injected in
quadrature with the line current, then reactive power-either absorbed or
generated-would be exchanged.
 This compensator comprises a VSC in which its coupling transformer is
connected in series with the transmission line.
 The valve-side voltage rating is higher than the line-side voltage rating of
the coupling transformer to reduce the required current rating of the gate
turn-off valves (GTO) thyristor valves.
 The valve-side winding is delta-connected to provide a path
for 3rd harmonics to flow

 An MOV is installed across the D.C. capacitor to limit its

voltage and provide protection to the valves.

 A series capacitor compensates the transmission-line

inductance by presenting a lagging quadrature voltage with
respect to the transmission-line current.

 This voltage acts in opposition to the leading quadrature

voltage appearing across the transmission-line inductance,
which has a net effect of reducing the line inductance.

 It is best suited for power flow control and SSR (sub-

synchronous resonance) mitigation
ENERGY DIAGRAM OF SSSC
 STATCOM VS SSSC

 Connected in parallel.  Connected in series

 The dynamic voltage control in  It is best suited for power flow
transmission and distribution control.
systems.
 SSR (sub-synchronous resonance)
 The power-oscillation damping in mitigation.
power-transmission systems.
 Better transient stability.
 The voltage flicker control is good.
 The control of not only reactive
power but also (if needed) active
power in the connected line.
THANK YOU