ETAP Real Time

ETAP Real-Time
Operation
Maintenance
Planning
Operation Technology, Inc.

Irvine, California
ETAP Real-Time
Monitor
Simulate
Operate Analyze
Optimize
Predict Control
Manage
ETAP Real -Time
ETAP Real-Time
Power System Monitoring & Simulation
Energy Management System
Intelligent Load Shedding

ETAP Real -Time
ETAP Real-Time
Operations Maintenance
Financial
Engineering
Planning
As a component of the Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) system, ETAP optimizes the exchange of
information between diverse tiers of an organization
while channeling domain sensitive information.
Market Solutions
 Oil Refineries
 Oil Platforms
 Oil Production Fields
 Chemical Plants
 Mining
 Manufacturing Plants
 Health Care Facilities
 Generation Plants
 Data Centers
 Switchgear & Relay Manufacturers
ETAP Real -Time
Objectives
 Optimize Operation
 Optimal Load Shedding
 Prevent Downtime
 Minimize System Losses
 Minimize Energy Costs
 Predict System Response
 Train & Assist Operators
 Prevent Outage Due to Operator Error
 Safe Operation & Avoid Penalties
 Improve Equipment Life Time
 Provide Data Accessibility
ETAP Real -Time
ETAP Real-Time Users
ETAP Real -Time

OTI Test Lab
ETAP Real -Time

System Architecture
ETAP Real -Time

Bring Your ETAP To Life
ETAP Real -Time

Client Server Architect
Windows 2000 / XP, Multitasking

ETAP Real -Time
Protocols & Standards
 MMS  T103
 ModBus  NetDDE
 NetBeui  UCA
 DNP  IPX/SPX (Netware)
 ICCP  TCP/IP
 IEC870  OPC
ETAP Real -Time

 Virtual Monitoring
 Advanced Monitoring
 Real-Time Simulation
 Online Control
 Event Playback
 Trending
 Alarm & Warning
 Energy Cost Analysis
Monitoring Capabilities
 Multi-Console Server/Client Monitoring
 Graphical Monitoring via ETAP One-Line Diagram
 Visual Monitoring via Watch Windows (MMI)
 Archived (Historical) Data Retrieval / Display
 Electrical & Non-Electrical Metering Tags
 OPC Interface Layer
 Multi-Access Levels

Advantages of ETAP
 Intelligence
 Simple to Modify the System
 Option to Override Monitored Data
 Online Switching & Breaker Operation
 Visual Monitoring (MMI) by Watch Windows

Virtual Monitoring

Virtual Monitoring

Virtual Monitoring

Standard Monitoring Systems
Shortcomings
 Display Data on Static Images and Objects
 High Costs to Setup & Maintenance MMI
 Require Hardware for Every Monitored Point
 Modifications Require New Static Images
 Does Not Recognize Bad Data
 Lack Electrical Intelligence
 Primitive Data Reconciliation

Advanced Monitoring

Advanced Monitoring
Error Detection

Advanced Monitoring
Load Estimator / Distributor

Advanced Monitoring
 State Estimator
 Load Estimator / Distributor
 Error Detection
 Global (Server) & Local Alarm & Warning
 Alarm & Warning Acknowledgement
 Equipment Overload Detection
 Over-Voltage & Under-Voltage Detection
 Graphical Notification via One-Line Diagrams
 Pinned Data (Override Monitored Data)
Real-Time Simulation
Predict System Behavior to Operator Actions
 Open/Close Circuit Breakers
 Reject Generators
 Load Impact & Ramping
 Accelerate Motors
 Protective Device Sequence-of-Operation
Conduct Engineering Analysis

 Using Actual Operating Loading, Generation, &
Configuration



Simulation Modules
 Load Flow  Sequence-of-Operation
 Motor Acceleration  Harmonics
 Short-Circuit ANSI/IEC  Transient Stability
 Arc Flash  Reliability Assessment
 Device Coordination &  More...
Selectivity

Event Playback

Event Playback
Playback Forward
Playback Reverse
Set Speed/Scan Rate
Pause
Step Forward
Step Reverse
Next Event
Previous Event
Scan Forward
Scan Reverse
Display Options

Event Playback

Event Playback
 Replay Archived Historian Data
 Improve Operator Knowledge
 Predict System Behavior On-Demand
 Investigate Cause & Effect
 Explore Alternative Actions
 Replay “What If” Scenarios

 Intelligent Energy Management
 Demand-Side Management
 Automatic Generation Control
 System Optimization & Automation

Real-Time Data
Optimization
Requirements EMS System
Control
System Topology

 Auto Control Overload, OverVoltage & UnderVoltage
 Auto Control Generation, LTC, Shunt Capacitor, …
 Generation MW & Mvar Averaging with $ Constraints
 Minimize System Losses
 Peak Shaving
 Minimize Mvar & Power Factor Penalties
 Active Inhibition & Permissive Control of Load & Generation
 Optimize Spin Reserve
 Maximize Voltage Security Index
 …
Optimization Control
 Optimization Objectives
 Bus Voltage Constraints
 Branch Flow Constraints
 Control Movement Constraints
 User-Definable Constraints (Macros)
 Energy Costs (Generation & Exchange Power)

Savings
 Reduce Energy Costs
 Reduce Peak MWh Costs
 Reduce Mvar / Power Factor Penalties
 Improve System Operation & Stability
 Increase Equipment Life Time
 Increase System Capacity


Objectives
 Operation Dependent
 Fast Response
 Optimal Load Shedding

Load Shedding
Why Load Shed:

 Partial loss of energy source due to a disturbance
(Generators and/or Utility Connections)
Optimal Load Shedding:

 Best combination (also minimum) load that must be
removed to keep the system operational
Load Shedding Protection is Essential:

 Critical loads with limited power supply

Improper Load Shedding
 Shed Too Much Load
 Loss of Critical Process
 Total Loss of Production
 Safety & Environmental Concerns
 $$$
Conventional Methods
A. Breaker Interlock Scheme
B. Under-Frequency Relay (81)
C. PLC-Based Load Shedding

Breaker Interlock Scheme
Shed load larger than max. import power

Breaker Interlock Scheme
 Advantages
 Fast Action
 Simple to implement
 Limitations
 Fixed load priority
 Only one stage of load shedding
 Usually more loads are shed than needed
 Modifications are costly and impractical
 Can result in complete system shutdown

Under-Frequency Relay (81)
Shed fixed load based on 81 relay settings

Frequency Delay MW
Stage
Hz Sec. Shed
1 58.5 0.25 10
2 57.5 2.00 30
 Features
 Detects after effects of disturbances
 Detects frequency & rate of change
 Can have multiple stage settings
 Settings are based on analysis
 Fixed settings (10% of load for .5 Hz drop)

 Limitations
 Slow response time
 Lack of knowledge about system loading
 Lack of knowledge about the disturbance
 Lack of knowledge about spin reserve
 Analysis knowledge is always lost

PLC-Based Load Shedding
Shed load based on the PLC tables

 Advantages
 Access to system loading

 Access to system generation
 Access to CB operating status
 Knowledge about spin reserve

 Limitations
 Lack of system topology / connectivity / islanding
 Lack of system islanding conditions
 Load priority is predefined and fixed
 Slow response - initiation from frequency relays
 Drop load based on the frequency relay settings
 Fixed logic – calculations are preformed at PLC

Needs for Fast Response
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen Load 2
Load 3
Normal Operation – 0 Spin Reserve

Load 1
j QG j QL
Gen Load 2
P=0 Load 3
3-Phase Fault for 5 Cycles

Load 1
P’ + j Q’
Gen Load 2
P’ > P
Q’ >> Q Load 3
Power Inrush after Fault Clearance

Load 1
P+jQ
Gen Load 2
Load 3
Slow Load Shedding

Load 1
P+jQ
Gen Load 2
Load 3
Fast Load Shedding

Needs for Optimal Solution
Requires Intelligence to Recognize
 System Topology
 Configuration
 Operating Status
 Generation Level
 Power Exchange
 Operating Load
 Spin Reserve
 Disturbance Type & Location
 Transient Response to Disturbances
P1 + jQ1
P+jQ Load 1
P2 + jQ2
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
P4 + jQ4
Load 4
P’ + j Q’ P5 + jQ5
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Study Condition
jQ Load 1
jQ
Gen1 Load 2
Load 3
Load 4
jQ jQ
Gen2 Load 5
Load 6
Study Disturbance
P1 + jQ1
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Study 81 Relay Response
P1 + jQ1
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
P4 + jQ4
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
P5 + jQ5
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Actual Operating Condition
jQ1
Load 1
jQ
Gen1 Load 2
jQ3
Load 3
P4 + jQ4
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
P5 + jQ5
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Actual Operating Condition
P1 + jQ1
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
81 Relay Response
Objective
 Shed Minimum Load
Dependencies
 Disturbance Type & Location
 Generation Level
 Spin Reserve
 System Configuration
 System Loading
 Load Distribution
 Operation Constraints
 Individual Circuit Breaker Loading
How to Achieve Objectives

 Fast Load Shedding (less than 100ms)
 Optimal Combinations of Loads (CBs)
 Neural Network + Direct Logic
 Knowledge Base
 Direct User-Definable Logic
 Multiple Subsystems

ILS Knowledge Base
 Hundreds of TS Studies Stored
 System Knowledge is Never Lost

ILS Configuration


Fault
Detection CB
(50) Trip
Trigger
Signal
to CB
Fault
Time
Clearing 10 70
ms
Local 10 30 90
Time
PLC ms
Trigger PLC Load

Received Output CB
by PLC Triggers Open
Remote 70 90 150
Time
PLCs 30 ms
Trigger PLC Load

Received Output CB
by PLCs Triggers Open
Fast Load Shedding

Fault
Detection CB
(50) Trip
Trigger
Signal
to CB
Fault
Time
Clearing 0.5 5.5
Cy
Local 0.5 2 7
Time
PLC Cy
Trigger PLC Load

Received Output CB
by PLC Triggers Open
Remote 5.5 7 12
Time
PLCs 2 Cy
Trigger PLC Load

Received Output CB
by PLCs Triggers Open
Fast Load Shedding

ILS vs. Frequency Relay LS

ILS vs. Frequency Relay LS

ILS Comparison
PMS PowerLogic PMS Frequency

ETAP ILS
Siemens SQD ABB Relays
Response <100ms 100ms* 150ms** <100ms** Seconds
* PLC time only ** Exclude detection of signal
Fault 81 Relay
100ms to 500ms
Time
150ms to 300ms
PLC Load
Receives CB
Signal Open

ILS vs. PLC Based LS

Key Features
 User-Defined Load Priority
 User-Defined Load Groups
 Unlimited Load Shedding Schedules
 Operator Friendly Interface
 On-Line Testing to Validate ILS Actions
 User-Defined Trigger Inhibition
 Operator Alerts

Optimal CB Combination
Load Shed Req. to

MW Load Shed
16.00
ILS Group1 7.22
2.00
4.57
ILS Group2 3.25 17.04 -1.04
PLC Based 7.22

2.00
4.57
8.23 22.02 -6.02

ILS Operator Friendly Interface
Operator Display
 Load MW
 Loads to Shed
 Spinning Reserve
 Required Load to Shed
 Active Triggers
Unlimited Load Shedding Schedules

ILS Load Shed Verification

ILS Configuration

ILS Normal Operation
ILS Server

PLC Based Backup Operation
System Data
X
Frequency Relay
ILS Server
ILS Response
Response to Mechanical & Electrical Disturbances
 Generator Breaker Trip
 Utility Main Breaker Trip
 Fuel Availability
 Process Alarms
 Faults in the System
 Spinning Reserve Availability
 User-Customizable Triggers

P.T. Newmont Project

P.T. Newmont Project

Integration Services
 Integration Strategy
 System Modeling & Development
 Architecture & Technology Consulting
 Technology Pre-Study & Piloting
 Enterprise Systems Connectivity
 Metering Hardware Evaluation
 Monitoring & Control System Design
 and more
ETAP Real -Time

ETAP Real Time

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ETAP Real-Time

Operation Technology, Inc.

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Energy Management System

Intelligent Load Shedding

ETAP Real -Time

ETAP Real -Time

ETAP Real -Time

ETAP Real -Time

Windows 2000 / XP, Multitasking

ETAP Real -Time

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Load Estimator / Distributor

Conduct Engineering Analysis

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Energy Management System

Energy Management System

 Bus Voltage Constraints

 Branch Flow Constraints

 Control Movement Constraints

 User-Definable Constraints (Macros)

 Energy Costs (Generation & Exchange Power)

Energy Management System

Intelligent Load Shedding

Intelligent Load Shedding

Why Load Shed:

Optimal Load Shedding:

Load Shedding Protection is Essential:

Intelligent Load Shedding

 Shed Too Much Load

 Loss of Critical Process

 Total Loss of Production

 Safety & Environmental Concerns

A. Breaker Interlock Scheme

B. Under-Frequency Relay (81)

C. PLC-Based Load Shedding

Intelligent Load Shedding

Shed load larger than max. import power

Intelligent Load Shedding

Shed fixed load based on 81 relay settings

 Detects frequency & rate of change

 Can have multiple stage settings

 Settings are based on analysis

 Fixed settings (10% of load for .5 Hz drop)

Intelligent Load Shedding

 Lack of knowledge about system loading

 Lack of knowledge about the disturbance

 Lack of knowledge about spin reserve

 Analysis knowledge is always lost

Shed load based on the PLC tables

Response <100ms 100ms* 150ms <100ms Seconds