DEBRE TABOR UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
PRACTICAL ATTACHMENT (HORT392)
PRACTICAL ATTACHMENT ON CHILLI PEPPER
IN WORAMIT HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING SUB-CENTER

BY: -
KIDANEMARIAM SEFINEW,
ID NO: - DTU12R0770
ADVISOR NAME: -EDEN M.
ORGANIZATION SUPERVISOR: - MELESE M.
SUBMITTED TO: - DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
DECEMBER, 2015 E.C
DEBRE TABOR, ETHIOPIA
 CHAPTER ONE

Objectives of Practical Attachment

 To create awareness in the field and in the office
 To get different skills about the horticulture department
 To get adoption in different works about horticulture
 To get practical knowledge about horticulture
 Establishment, Description, Mission, and Vision of
Woramit Horticultural Research and Training Sub
Centre
ESTABLISHMENT
• Woramit horticultural research and training sub center is
found under Adet agricultural research center.
• The site primarily established in 1997 E.C as a research trial
site and then in 2008E.C, it was promoted to Woramit
horticultural research and training sub center.
• Know a days, most probably in this year, it is ready to become
Woramit horticultural research and training center.
 DESCRIPTION THE SITE OF ORGANIZATION
• Woramit horticultural research and training sub center is found in
north eastern part of Bahir Dar city on the shore of Lake Tana.
• The total area of this site is 8 hectare.
• This is located at 11º38‫ י‬N latitude and 37º10‫י‬E longitude.
• The altitude of this site is 1800m above sea level with a warm and
humid climate and distinct dry and wet seasons.
• It receives the mean annual rain fall between 800 and 1250mm
(Bahir Dar Metrology Agency, 2018).
• The annual average maximum and minimum temperature of 30cº
and 13cº, respectively. Generally the area is characterized as mid
altitude agro-ecology.
• The soil type of this site is nit sol with moderately acidic PH 6.4 and
has the textural classification of clay with very low organic matter
content (3.9%).
• The available phosphorous content of the soil is low (6.3mg/kg)
while the total content is 0.6%medium.
 MISION

Woramit Horticultural research and Training sub center has the

responsibility of generating new technologies, maintaining and
multiplying planting materials, promoting and pre and upping
the proven technologies for all horticultural crops so as to solve
the farmers, private and stalk holders problems by providing
improved technologies to the production and productivity of
horticultural crops.
 VISION

Being seen Woramit Horticultural Research and Training Sub

center promoted to Woramit Horticultural Research and Training
center. Then after becoming a center, becoming known center in
horticultural crops generally in Ethiopia particularly in Amhara
region by giving a good service and providing proven
technologies for the farmers, private and stalk holders are future
vision for the sub center.
 Human Resource Staff Members and Main Activities in
Woramit Horticultural Research and Training Sub Centre

Table 1.Human Resource Staff Members

No Academic level PhD (no) MSC (no) BSC (no) Diploma and below Total

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

1 Researcher 2 - 2 - 4 1 - - 12

2 Supportive 1 2 9 1 13

Total 25
 MAIN ACTIVITIES

In this site researchers mainly considered in to four ways:-

1.Breeding Activities
2.Agronomy Activities
3.Protection Activities
4.Extension Activities
The above main researchers activity works on:-
 Fruit crops and varieties
 Vegetable crops and varieties and
 Other spice crops
 CHAPTER TWO

CHILLI PEPPERS
Introduction
IN a few world chilies pepper are a perennial plant, but growers, in
most case, treat it as an annual plant. Chilies peppers are being lived
to have originated in somewhere in central or South America was
cultivated in Mexico. After the Columbian exchange, many countries
of chili pepper spread around the world, it used for food and
traditional medicine. Chili peppers are containing 88% water, 9%
carbohydrate, 2% protein, and 0.4% fat. In 100 gram reference
amount of chili peppers supply 40 calories and are a rich source of
vitamin C and vitamin B6.Chilli peppers are a new world crop that
belongs to the solanaceae family. It is also the major vegetable crop
produced in Ethiopia. It is extensively grown in most parts of our
country, with the major production areas concentrated at altitude of
1400 to 1900m above sea level.
 SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

• Kingdom………..Plataea
• Clad..................Angiosperms
• Order…………..Solanales
• Family…………Solanaceae
• Genus………….Capsicum
 PEPPER SEED HARVESTING SYSTEM AND SAFETY
DURING HARVESTING
HARVESTING SYSTEM
 Taking drying pepper fruit which have good red color
 Open the skin of the pepper fruit
 Shock the seeds from central con
 Rise away the pepper residual and immature seed
that float to the top of the blender and sinks to the
bottom seed
 Store in to the bag or other moisture-proof
containers clearly labled with the pepper and variety
 Finally put in to an ideal location.
 Safety during Harvesting Time

The volatile oil in spices peppers may cause skin irritation, requiring
hand washing and care when touching the eyes or any sensitive
body parts.
Methods to Grow and Sowing the Pepper Seed
There two methods to grow peppers
1.Growing from seed or
2.Growing from seedling
 Grow Peppers from Seed
• Pepper are warm season crops
• They need 2-3 moths from transplanting to harvesting.
• It sowing the seed in to the seed beds in 0.5 -1 cm depth and then
transplant them into their final positions in the field.
• Mostly its seed beds length and width are 5m x 1m or 10m x 1m.
• The distance between beds is mostly 15cm.
• It needs mulching for rise bed. It needs shade (during hot time).
• Before transplanting, it needs one week water stress in order to
easily adaptation.
• To grow peppers from seed, there are some factors you need to
know; such as temperature is required at least 18cº soil
temperature in order to germinate.
• As optimum temperatures, we consider between 20 and 30cº.
• It needs an average humidity level close to 70-75% in order to
germinate. Excessive irrigation can be harmful.
 Grow Peppers from Seedling
• Peppers mostly grow by rise bed (15-20cm height).
• Farmers may also buy plants from legitimate seller or
transplant seedlings they have grown from seeds by
themselves.
• The right time of transplanting the seedlings is when they
have developed 5-6 real leaves and have reached to a height
of 15-30cm.
 Some Common Factors during Growing Chilli Pepper

• Temperature
• Soil types
• Humidity
• Irrigation
• PH Value
 Time of Transplanting and Lay Out Bed

Time of Transplanting
There are three criteria to transplant:-
1.Based on duration of time (days in nursery) –Recommended
40-45/55 days
2.Based on height of the seedling ( vigority ) –Recommended 15-
30cm
3.Based on number of leaves –Recommended 5-6 leaves
 Transplanting is performed either very early in the morning or
during the afternoon
 Lay out Pepper Bed

3-4-5. Method of Lay Out

• 3-4-5 Method refers to the relative length of the side of a
triangle.
• It is very necessary method for the perfection of our design.
• 3-4-5 method which has one 90 degree or square corner.
• If the two walls meeting in a corner where actually ninety
degree to each other you could measure from the corner
three feet (meter) on one wall and four feet (meter) on other
wall and then measure the hypotenuse between those two
points.
 To organize the 3-4-5 methods of lay out it needs:-

• string
• tape measure
• Three pins

Figure1 :-During Practicing Layout Chili Pepper on the Field

 Soil Requirements

 Peppers grow well in a wide variety of soils; however, the

plant thrives best in medium to sandy soils with proper
aeration and drainage.
 It is sensitive plant both drought and water soaked conditions.
 The optimum PH levels range from 6-7
 Soil preparation starts a couple of weeks before transplanting
pepper seedlings.
 At the same time remove rocks and other undesirable
materials from the soil.
 One week later apply basal fertilizer such as manure or
synthetic commercial fertilizer.
 Mostly the integrated basal fertilizer is best.
 Pepper Planting and Spacing

• Pepper planting starts mainly during the end of winter,

provided temperature are close to optimum level.
• Proper producers eventually harvest from summer to winter
(June to December).
• After all the preparation steps we can proceed with
transplanting.
During transplanting in to the bed:-
• Between plants is 30cm
• Between rows is 70cm
• Plants stand on redgins
• Between redgins 70 cm space
 Cont.…


Figure 2:-represents planting of chili pepper

 Pruning, Sacking, and Watering

Pruning
• It is good for pepper vegetation system, such as pruning leaves
extra space for aeration preventing fungal infections.
• The extra foliage makes it difficult for the process of managing
the plant.
Sacking
• It is used for prevents foliage and fruits from touching the ground.
• It is used for easy manage and harvest the fruits.
Watering
 Water requirements are totally difference during various
development stages of pepper plants.
 Best irrigation system is drrip, but in this site they used furrow
irrigation system
 Weed Management and Fertilization

Weed management
• Weeds are computing the space, sunlight, water and
nutrients further more weeds may be home for pests that
may attack the plants.
• Contentiously weeding is increase production and
productivity.
Fertilization
• It should be takes place in the consideration of the soil
condition of the field through annual testing before apply any
fertilization method.
• Peppers need more compost and urea.
• Earth warm fertilization is very necessary for pepper growth.
 Cont.…
.

Figure 3: represents preparation and demonstration of vermi compost

 Peppers in Late/Net House:-

Purpose of Late/Net House

By nature chilli pepper is a self-pollinated plant. Due to this
late/net house is used for:-
• To control cross pollination
• To maintains itself.
• To use as a new crops (variety) for the farmers.
• To preserve unique variety
• To learn more there biology and reproduction.
 Cont.…


Figure 4:-chili pepper production in mini Greenhouse

 Growth Period and Harvesting Time

Growth period
1.Vegetative growth period- days 1-20 from transplanting.
2.Flowering and fruit set period- days 21-55 from transplanting
3.Ripening and harvest period- days 56 to harvest
a) During first period, they apply minimum rate of fertilizer rate.
b) During second period, increase fertilizer rate.
c) During third period, decrease fertilizer rate (apply like the
rate of the first period).
 Harvesting time

Most chilli peppers reached their full maturity and ready for
harvesting is 60-90 days after transplanting date. Generally they
depend on:-
 The pepper variety
 The environmental condition
 The age of transplanting date
Generally harvesting time of pepper fruits divided in to two
ways:-
1.Physiological harvesting time and
2.Horticultural/commercial harvesting time
 Cont.…
1.

Figure 5. Harvesting time indicators with horticultural and physiological

 Common Pests and Disease

Pests
• Liriomyza
• Tetranychus
• Trips
Diseases
• Botrytis(grey mould)
• Alter aria(early blight)
• Sartorial leaf spot
• Late blight
• Anthracnose
• Downy mildew
• Powdery mildew
 Management System

Management is depends on the kind of problems which exist in

the crops. Such as:-
 Chemicals- keratin, ferrate, agrolanbasin
 Mechanical- weeding, stalking, pruning
 Cultural- rotating the soil by cabbage, corn, legumes and
others in order to control diseases and prevent soil depletion.
 Time of Data Collection

The collection of data from pepper is depends on the type of the

individual person’s proposal tilts.
Mostly pepper data is collected on:-
Days to standing (after 15 days after transplanting)
Days to flowering
Days to maturity
Counting branch number
Measuring the plant height
Umbel per plant
Flower per umbel
Seed yield per plot
Occurrence of disease
 CHAPTER THREE

STRONG AND WEEK SIDES OF THE INSTITUTION

Strong sides
 Favorable agro climate condition
 Less factor of disease and pests except some
 High amount of water availability near to the site
 Favorable soil fertility
 High availability of labor etc.
Week sides
 lack of researcher(in number)
 There is lack of enough green house
 The expert uses traditional materials than standard
instruments etc.
 Advantages Gets from Practical Attachment

Of course I report some information only about chili pepper but I

get different practical knowledge from this horticultural research
site such as:-
• Grafting techniques of avocado and scion an root stock
selection criteria’s
• Data collection system on coffee
• Plastic pot preparation system
• Planting systems and transplanting time of avocado
• Layering systems of grapes and others
THANK YOU