Seminar (EX-604)

Presentation on

TOPIC:- FACTS
Submitted By:
1. Rohan Agrawal (0101EX201052)
2.Renuka Pandey (0101EX201050)
3.Rajarshi Shukla (0101EX201047)
4.Ravikant Vishwakarma (0101EX201049)
5.Rani Devi Ahirwar (0101EX201048)
6.Pradium Siroliya (0101EX201043)
Contents

 What is FACTS?
 Relevance of FACTS
 Types of FACTS Device
 Benefits of FACTS
 FACTS Applications
 Real Cases Of FACTS in India
 Research and development in FACTS
 Conclusion
What is FACTS?
 FACTS stands for Flexible AC Transmission System. It is a collection of power electronic
devices and systems that are used to enhance the control, efficiency, and flexibility of
alternating current (AC) power transmission and distribution systems. FACTS technologies
are designed to address various challenges and limitations faced by power systems, such as
voltage instability, power flow control, and grid stability.
 FACTS devices are typically installed in power systems to improve the transmission and
distribution of electrical energy by dynamically controlling voltage, current, and reactive
power flow. These devices utilize advanced power electronics and control algorithms to
provide real-time adjustments to the electrical parameters of the power system.
Relevance of FACTS
The primary objectives of FACTS technologies include:
 Enhancing Power Flow Control: FACTS devices can regulate and control power flow
in transmission lines, enabling efficient utilization of existing infrastructure and
improving the transfer capability of power systems.
 Voltage Stability and Control: FACTS devices can regulate and stabilize voltage
levels in power systems, ensuring that the voltage remains within acceptable limits and
minimizing the risk of voltage collapse or instability.
 Reactive Power Compensation: FACTS devices can provide reactive power support,
compensating for reactive power demand or generation imbalances and improving the
power factor of the system.
 Damping Power System Oscillations: FACTS devices can help dampen and control
power system oscillations, improving the stability and reliability of the grid.
 Increased Grid Reliability and Efficiency: By providing advanced control capabilities,
FACTS technologies contribute to improving the overall reliability, efficiency, and quality
of electrical power transmission and distribution.
 Types of FACTS Device

Static Var Comp Static Synchron Thyristor Contro Unified Power F

ensator (SVC) ous Compensato lled Series Capa low Controller (
r (STATCOM) citor (TCSC) UPFC)
Static Var Compensator (SVC)

 A Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a type of FACTS device used in power systems to
regulate and control reactive power. It consists of a combination of power electronics,
capacitors, and reactors.
 The main purpose of an SVC is to maintain the voltage stability and control the reactive
power flow in a power system. It dynamically injects or absorbs reactive power into the
system to compensate for fluctuations in voltage and reactive power demand.
Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)

 A Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is a type of FACTS device used in power

systems to provide reactive power compensation, voltage control, and power quality
improvement. It is based on power electronics and operates as a voltage source converter.
 The main function of a STATCOM is to regulate the voltage at a specific point in the
power system by dynamically injecting or absorbing reactive power. It is capable of
responding rapidly to changes in voltage and reactive power demand, helping to stabilize
the system and maintain voltage stability.
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

 A Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is a type of FACTS device used in power
systems to control the flow of reactive power and improve system stability. It consists of a
series capacitor bank and a thyristor-based controller.
 The primary function of a TCSC is to dynamically control the reactance of the series
capacitor in response to system conditions. By varying the reactance, the TCSC can
influence the power flow, voltage stability, and transient stability of the power system
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

 A Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a sophisticated FACTS device used in power
systems to control and optimize power flow. It combines the functionalities of multiple
other FACTS devices, including the Static Var Compensator (SVC) and the Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), into a single integrated device.
 The UPFC is composed of a voltage source converter (VSC) and a DC link. It can
independently control both the voltage magnitude and phase angle of the power system,
providing precise and flexible control over the power flow and system parameters.
Benefits of FACTS

 Better Power Quality: FACTS devices help in maintaining stable and high-quality power
supply by reducing voltage fluctuations and other disturbances that can affect electrical
appliances.
 Improved Grid Stability: FACTS devices contribute to a stable and reliable power grid by
managing reactive power and voltage levels. They help in preventing blackouts and ensuring a
continuous supply of electricity.
 Increased Energy Efficiency: FACTS technologies optimize the use of existing power
infrastructure, resulting in reduced energy losses and improved efficiency. This leads to cost
savings and a greener environment.
 Flexible and Reliable Operation: FACTS devices provide flexibility and control in power
system operation. They can quickly respond to changes in demand and conditions, ensuring a
reliable power supply even during fluctuations.
 Cost Savings: By optimizing power flow and reducing energy losses, FACTS technologies
help utilities and consumers save money in the long run. They can also delay or eliminate the
need for costly infrastructure upgrades.
FACTS Applications

 Power Flow Control and Optimization

 Voltage Stability Enhancement and Regulation
 Reactive Power Compensation and Management
 Grid Congestion Management and Reduction
 Transient Stability Improvement
 Damping of Power System Oscillations
 Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
 Power Quality Improvement
 Enhanced Grid Reliability and Resilience
 Optimal Utilization of Transmission Infrastructure
Real Cases Of FACTS in India

Article Published in Feb21,2021

Source : THE HINDU Article Published in Sep 7, 2022
Source : The Times of India
 Rohan Agrawal

Source : Website (TATA POWER DDL)

Research and development in FACTS
 Power Electronics: Researchers are working on developing advanced electronic devices and
converters that are more efficient and controllable. They want to reduce energy losses and improve the
performance of FACTS devices.
 Multilevel Converters: Scientists are looking into using multilevel converters for FACTS
technologies. These converters can help improve the quality of the electrical voltage and handle more
power. They are trying to make these converters work even better for FACTS applications.
 New Semiconductor Materials: Researchers are exploring new materials that can be used in FACTS
devices. They are looking at materials like silicon carbide and gallium nitride, which can help
improve the efficiency and power capacity of FACTS devices.
 Advanced Control Techniques: Scientists are developing smarter control methods for FACTS
devices. They are using things like artificial intelligence and advanced algorithms to make the control
of FACTS devices more precise and efficient.
 Integration with Renewable Energy: As more renewable energy sources are being used, researchers
are finding ways to make FACTS technologies work well with them. They are developing methods to
optimize power flow, voltage stability, and the connection of renewable energy to the power grid.
 Cybersecurity: With FACTS devices being connected to computer networks, researchers are making
sure they are secure from cyber threats. They are developing ways to protect them from hacking and
other cyber attacks to keep the power system safe
Conclusion
 In conclusion, the future of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) technologies looks
promising and holds great potential for improving power systems. Ongoing research and
development efforts are focused on enhancing the performance, efficiency, and integration of
FACTS devices in the electrical grid.
 With advancements in power electronics, such as advanced converters and wide bandgap
semiconductor materials, FACTS technologies are becoming more efficient and capable of
handling higher power capacities. This translates to better control over power flow, voltage
stability, and grid reliability.
 The development of advanced control techniques, including artificial intelligence and
optimization algorithms, enables smarter and more precise control of FACTS devices. This
enhances their responsiveness to changing grid conditions, resulting in improved grid stability
and better utilization of existing transmission infrastructure.
 Moreover, the integration of FACTS technologies with renewable energy systems addresses
the challenges of renewable energy intermittency, enabling smooth and efficient integration
into the power grid. This paves the way for a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.
 Furthermore, ongoing research in cybersecurity ensures that FACTS devices remain secure
and resilient in the face of evolving cyber threats, protecting the integrity and reliability of
the power system.
 Overall, with continuous advancements in technology and a growing understanding of power
system dynamics, FACTS technologies are poised to play a crucial role in shaping the future
of power systems. They offer the potential for improved power quality, enhanced grid
stability, optimized energy efficiency, and seamless integration of renewable energy sources.
 As researchers and engineers continue to innovate and refine FACTS technologies, we can
look forward to a future where our power systems are more reliable, efficient, and
environmentally friendly, meeting the evolving needs of our energy demands.
REFERENCE:-
 "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)." IEEE Power and Energy Society. (
https://www.ieee-pes.org/technical-activities/flexible-ac-transmission-systems-facts)
 "FACTS Devices for Smart Grids." Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). (
https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000000001030403)
 Kundur, Prabha. "Power System Stability and Control." McGraw-Hill Education, 1993.
 THE HINDU NEWSPAPER (
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pm-inaugurates-pugalur-thrissur-hvdc-project/
article33882226.ece
)
 The TIMES OF INDIA NEWSPAER (
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/sterlite-power-commissions-400kv-transm
ission-line-in-gujarat/articleshow/94052201.cms
)
 Website of TATA POWER DDL
(https://www.tatapower-ddl.com/#)