SISTEM PENDUKUNG

KEPUTUSAN

SISTEM PENDUKUNG
KEPUTUSAN DAN SISTEM
INFORMASI MANAJEMEN

Prodi Informatika, Fakultas Teknik dan Sains, UMP

Different Types of Information System
Types of Decision
Operational level systems
 To answer routine questions and track the flow of
transactions through the organization. Therefore,
information generally must be easily available,
current, and accurate.
 Supporting operational managers by keeping
track of the elementary activities and transactions
of the organization, such as sales, receipts, cash
deposits, payroll, credit decisions, and the flow of
materials in a factory
Management-level Systems
 To serve the monitoring, controlling, decision-
making, and administrative activities of middle
managers
 Typically providing periodic reports rather than
instant information on operations
 Including control systems for annual budgeting and
inventory, and management systems for sales and
human resources
Strategic-level systems
 To match changes in the external environment
with existing organizational capability
 Helping senior management deal with and address
strategic issues and long-term trends, both in the
firm and in the external environment
 Including a system to forecast sales trends over a
five-year period or systems for profit planning and
personnel planning
Major Types of systems

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Characteristics of a transaction processing
system
 Records internal and external transactions that take
place in a company
 Is used mostly by lower-level managers to make
operational decisions
 Stores data that are frequently accessed by other systems
 Is ideal for routine, repetitive tasks
 Records transactions in batch mode or on-line
 Requires six steps to process a transaction—data entry,
validation, data processing, storage, output generation,
and query support
TPS payroll system
Management Information Systems (MIS)

 Definition : The system is a collection of information management methods

involving computer automation (software and hardware) or otherwise
supporting and improving the quality and efficiency of business operations
and human decision makin (technopedia.com)
 Management information system is a system consisting of people, machines,
procedures,databases and data models, as its elements. The system gathers
data from the internal and external sources of an organisation
 MIS is an information system which process data and converts it into
information. A MIS uses TPS for its data inputs. The information generated
by the information system may be used for control of operations, strategic and
long range planning, short range planning, management control and other
managerial problem solving
Data, Information, and Knowledge
 Data : factual information (such as measurements or
statistics) used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or
calculation (Merriam-webster dictionary)
 Information : data that has been interpreted so that it has
meaning for the user. "The price of crude oil has risen from
$70 to $80 per barrel" gives meaning to the data and so is
said to be information to someone who tracks oil prices.
 Knowledge is a combination of information, experience and
insight that may benefit the individual or the organisation.
"When crude oil prices go up by $10 per barrel, it's likely
that petrol prices will rise by 2p per litre".
Converting data into information

 TPS→DATA→INPUT→PROCESSING→OUTPU
T→INFORMATION •Filtering
•Calculation
•Sorting
•Agrregation
•Summarizing
What are the various functions of information systems ?

 Production
 Marketing
 Finance and accounting
 Materials and
 Personnel systems
various functions of information systems
: Examples
 Production:
 Production planning and control
 Engineering standards
 Quality control
 R & D etc
 Marketing:
 Sales order
 Forecasting
 Sales analysis
 Billing
 Distribution
 Stock availability
 Sales quota control
 Pricing
 Product promotion
various functions of information systems
: Examples(part 2)
 Finance and accounting:
 Financial planning
 Budgeting
 Cost accounting
 Asset accounting
 Accounts receivable
 Payroll
 Accounts payable, etc...
 Materials:
 Material planning
 Bill of material
 Cost estimate
 Warehousing planning etc...
 Personnel:
 Employee recruitment
 Employee selection
 Employee development
 Employee transfers
 Employee retirements etc...
MIS report
Decision Support System
What’s DSS ?
 Little (as cited in Turban et al, 2004, p:103) defines DSS as a "model-based set
of procedures for processing data and judgments to assist a manager in his
decision-making.”
 Moore and Chang (as cited in Turban et al, 2004, p:103) argue that DSS as

extendible systems capable of supporting ad hoc data analysis and decision

modeling, oriented toward future planning, and used at irregular, unplanned
intervals .
 Bonczek et al (as cited in Turban et al, 2004, p:104) define a DSS as a computer-

based system consisting of three interacting components: a language system (a

mechanism to provide communication between the user and other components
of the DSS), a knowledge system (a repository of problem domain knowledge
embodied in DSS as either data or procedures), and a problem-processing
system (a link between the other two components, containing one or more of the
general problem-manipulation capabilities required for decisionmaking)
DSS VS EDP

Dimension DSS EDP

Use Active Passive
User Line and staff Clerical
management
Goal Effectiveness Mechanical efficiency
(accuracy, timeliness, (the cost of making
quality) decisions)
Time Horizon Present and future Past
Objective Flexibility Consistency

Source: Based on Alter (as cited in Turban et al, 2004, p:103)

DSS characteristics and
capabilities
Components Of DSS
Components Of DSS : Data Management

 It contains data from various sources, including internal

data from the organization, the data generated by
different applications, and the external data mined form
the Internet, etc.
 The data management component performs the function
of storing and maintaining the information that you
want your Decision Support System to use.
 The data management component, therefore, consists of
both the Decision Support System information and the
Decision Support System database management system
Components Of DSS : Model Management

 This is a software package that includes financial,

statistical, management science, or other
quantitative models that provide the system's
analytical capabilities and appropriate software
management
 Stores and maintains the Decision Support
System’s models
Components Of DSS : User Interface

 The user communicates with and commands the

DSS throughthis subsystem.
 The user is considered part of the system.
 Researchers assert that some of the unique
contributions of DSS are derived from the intensive
interaction between the computer and the decision-
maker
Components Of DSS : Knowledge Based
Mangement

 This subsystem can support any of the other

subsystems or act as an independent component.
 It provides intelligence to augment the decision-
maker's own.
 It can be interconnected with the organization's
knowledge repository (part of a knowledge
management system), which-is sometimes called the
organizational knowledge base
 Often used to better manage ther other DSS
components
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