INTERACTION

IN THE
ECOSYSTEM
2ND Quarter
ECOSYSTEM
A group of communities of both living and nonliving
things that are INTERCONNECTED.

Terrestrial Aquatic
Ecosystem Ecosystem
 ECOSYSTEM
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Living organisms
Nonliving physical and
found in an ecosystem,
chemical elements
including various life
found in an ecosystem,
forms such as
including various
PLANTS AND
landforms and the
ANIMALS.
climate.
TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
BIOME
It is a region characterized by its residents life,
environment, and climate
SEVERAL BIOMES; rainforest, desert, savanna, and marine

TROPICAL RAINFOREST
An ecosystem that covers about 7% of the surface of
Earth.
The weather in tropical rainforest is rainy yet pleasant
It is a home to over half of the world’s species.
It is characterized by abundance of different species of
plants.
LOCATION
It can be found in the three major geographical locations
in the World

Central America
Southeast Asia
Africa
LAYERS OF THE TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
Emergent Trees
Upper canopy
Understory/Lower Canopy
Forest Floor
(1) EMERGENT TREES
Tallest trees in the tropical
rainforest
Height ranges from; 30-73
in meters and 100-240 in
feet
Its leaves form an
umbrella-shaded canopy
(2) UPPER CANOPY
It is where most of the
animals live.
It is composed of trees that
grow from 18-40 meters or
60-130 feet
Sunlight and food is
abundant
(3) LOWER CANOPY/UNDERSTORY
It has constant shade because
light is mostly blocked by the
upper canopy
Trees in this level grow up to
18 meters or 60 feet in height
Consists of small plants,
shrubs, and trees
Humidity is always high
(4) FOREST FLOOR
It receives very little light
and is completely shaded.
Only a few herbs and
shrubs can thrive here
ADAPTATION OF PLANTS
They developed leaves that help them shed off
water quickly
They also have leaves with oily coatings
They develop vines and tendrils that grow toward
the top levels of the tropical rainforest
EXAMPLE: Liana (a type of climbing vine)
ADAPTATION OF ANIMALS
Monkeys- developed strong, muscular tails
Toucans- developed long and large bills
Sloths- moves very slowly and hang themselves
upside down
Insects- make up the largest animal group
Stick Insects- adapt through mimicry
MANGROVE
FOREST
Mangrove Forest
It is the area or coastline
where thick clusters of
mangroves thrive.
It can be found near the
mouths of large rivers
where significant amount of
sediment, such as sand and
mud, accumulate.
Mangrove Forest
They grow in the INTERTIDAL ZONE (a coastline which is
exposed during low tide, or covered during high tide)
MANGROVE
It is a tree or shrub that grows along coastal swamps or
riverbanks.
They appear to be standing above the water as their
roots stick up through the mud.
They have shallow and widely-spread roots that help
them thrive in soft or muddy soil and wetlands.
Its roots have the ability to controls their saltwater
intake.
PNEUMATOPHORES
-roots above the ground filled
with spongy tissues and small
holes for aeration.
LOCATION
Also known as the “rainforests of the sea”
Almost half of mangroves species can be found
in the Philippines.
There are 66 provinces in the Phil. that have
mangrove forest
Palawan, Sulu, Zamboanga del Norte, and
Zamboanga del Sur
FORMATION
It can easily reproduce
They have flowers which, when fertilized, produce
seedlings called droppers

DROPPER- long and greenish

brown
Plant and Animal Life
Animal life is diverse (the upper level; terrestrial
animals and lower level; marine animals)
It serve as nursing grounds for fish and other marine
animals.
They are also an abundant food source for mammals
(monkey and deer)
Plant and Animal Life
Bats and bees (get food from the fruits and flowers)
Birds and insects (live and lay eggs in canopies)
Mussels, oysters, barnacles, crabs, and shrimps
(found in roots)
Crocodiles also lurk around to find food.
Plants that grow in mangrove forests include palms,
hibiscus, legumes, myrtles, and algae.