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Virology
Ressortment
• Exchange of segments between segmented
genomes.
• Ex- Influenza virus
Segmented genome
• A- Arena
• R- Rota & Reo
• O- Orthomyxo (Influenza)
• B- Bunaya (Hanta, California encephalitis)
Common Terms
• Virions- Complete virus particle able to cause
disease.
• Prion- Infectious, only protein, no nucleic acid.
• Viroids- Circular RNA, causes plant disease
• Pseudovirions- Has host cell DNA but no viral
DNA. Infect but not replicate.
Replication
• All DNA virus replicate in nucleus excepts small
pox virus
• All RNA virus replicate in cytoplasm excepts
retrovirus and influenza virus
Inclusion Bodies found in:
• Adeno • Smallpox
• CMV • Varicella
• HSV • Vaccinia
• MCV • Yellow fever
• Measles
• Polio
• Rabies
DNA Virus
Non envelop/ Naked Enveloped

Parvo B19 Herpes

Adeno Pox- Small pox, Vaccinia, MCV
Papiloma/polioma HBV/HepaDNA

Naked থাকলে
PAP হয়
RNA virus
Non Enveloped:
Picorna- Polio, Coxackie, HAV, Rhino
HEV
Calcivirus
Reo/Rota

Pt of HCR
Multi Nucleated Giant Cell
• HSV-1
• HSV-2
• VZV
• CMV
• Measles
• Respiratory syncytial virus
Latent infection caused by
• HSV-1: Thoracic sensory ganglia
• HSV-2: Lumber & sacral sensory ganglia
• VZV
• CMV
• EBV
• HIV
• Adeno
Virus Causing
Congenital Anomallies
• CMV
• Rubella
• Measles
• Parvo
• HSV
• Zika
Vertical/Transpalcental transmission
• CMV
• Parvo
• Rubella
• HIV
• HBV
• Zika
Breast feeding
• CMV
• HTCL
• HIV
• HBV
During birth
• HBV
• HCV
• HIV
• HPV
• HSV-2
Feco oral route
• HAV
• HEV
• Polio
• Rota
• Coxsckie
• Echo
• Norwalk
Causing gastroenteritis/diarrhea
• Previous+
• Adeno
• Astro
• Calci
• Corona
• Toro
• Sapo
Respiratory tract in main portal of entry
• Influenza • Measles
• Parainfluenza • Mumps
• Rhino • Rubella
• Adeno • Hanta
• RSV • Parvo
• HSV-1 • Corona***
• VZV
• CMV
• EBV
Animal reservoir
• Rabies
• Hanta
• Yellow fever
• Lassa fever
• Dengue
• Encephalitis virus (West nile, nipah)
• SARS corona
• Avian influenza (H5N1)
Chronic carrier state
• HBV
• HCV
• Rubella
• CMV
Life long immunity
• Measles
• VZV
• Rubella
• Mumps
• HBV
• EBV
• Parvo
Viral defense
Non specific Specific
Alpha beta interferon Active immunity (IgG, IgM, IgA, CD 8)
NK Passive immunity
Phagocytes Herd immunity
A defensins
Apolipoprotein B RNA
Fever
Mucocilliary clearance
Circumcisions
Factors modifying host defence
Vaccines
Bacteria
Live vaccine- FBS**************************************************
Francisella
BCG
Salmonella

Capsular- Salma’s MPH Toxoid- DPT

Salmonella Diptheria
Meningococci Pertussis (also killed vaccine)
Pneumococci C. tetani
HIB

All other killed

Virus
Killed- JaHIR
Japanese encephalitis
HAV
Influenza***
Rabies

Sub unit/ DNA recombinent/Recombinent

HBV
HPV
VZV
Dengue
Influenza***
SARS COV-2 *****

All other Live

Post exposure vaccine
• HAV
• HBV
• Rabies
• Tetanus
• Chicken pox
Cancer causing by HPV
Serotype Cancer
1-4 Skin warts
6-11 Respiratory tract papilloma, Genital
wart ( condylomata acuminata)
16, 18 Cervix, penis, anus
Types of rash
Vesicular Maculopapular
HSV-1 Measles
HSV-2 Rubella
VZV
Chicken pox
Coxsakie
Complication of measles
• Encephalitis
• Deafness
• Mental retardation
• Pneumonia
• Otitis media
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
• Still birth
• Pancreatitis- Davidson
• Diarrhea- AH Mollah
Congenital Rubella syndrome
• PDA, VSD, pulmonary stenosis
• All blood cell decrease
• Enlarged liver and spleen
• Jaundice
• Cataracts, Retinopathy, cloudy cornea
• Sensorineural deafness
• Microcephaly
• Mental retardation
Hepatitis B markers
• Acute case- HBsAg, AntiHBcIgM, HBV DNA,
HBeAg
• Chronic case- HBsAg (more than 6 months),
AntiHBcIgG
• Vaccinated- Anti HBs
Pre vaccination test for HBV
• HBsAg
• Anti HBc
• Anti HBs ***
Slow viral disease
• Viral
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Subacuteselerosingpnaencephalitis (Measles virus)
• AIDS
• Prion
• Kuru
• Creutzfefld-Jakob disease 
• Variant Creutzfefld-Jakob disease 
• Gerstmann-strasslerschinker syndrome
• Fatal familial insomnia 
HIV affected cells
• Helper CD4 T cell
• Macrophage
• Monocyte
HIV C/F
1. Early/acute stage
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Sore throat
• Generalized lymphadenopathy
• Maculopapular rash(sparring palm and sole)
• Normal CD4 cell
• Increase CD8 cell
2. Middle/Latent stage
• HIV in LN
• Asymptomatic
• Absence of viremia- Absence of virus in
bloodstream
3. Late stage
• Decline CD4 cells below 200
• Opportunistic infection