H TS E D U C AT I ON

HUMAN RI G
A L L A W A N D
CRIMIN
JURIS P RU D E N C E
 HUMAN RIGHTS

• DEFINED AS SUPREME,INHERENT, AND INALIENABLE RIGHTS TO LIFE, TO DIGNITY AND TO SELF

DEVELOPMENT. THE ESSENCE OF THESE RIGHTS MAKES MAN HUMAN.

• IT IS CONCERNED WITH CIVIL,POLITICAL,ECONOMICAL,SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS.

 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF HUMAN RIGHT
• 1. INHERENT- NATURAL OR INBORN. NOT GRANTED BY ANY PERSON OR AUTHORITY.
• 2. FUNDAMENTAL- ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT THEM, THE LIFE AND DIGNITY OF MAN WILL BE
MEANINGLESS.

• 3. INALIENABLE- CANNOT BE RIGHTFULLY TAKEN AWAY FROM A FREE INDIVIDUAL.

• 4. IMPRESCRIPTIBLE- CANNOT BE LOST EVEN IF MAN FAILS TO USE OR ASSERT THEM,
EVEN BY A LONG PASSAGE OF TIME.
• 5. INDIVISIBLE- NOT CAPABLE OF BEING DIVIDED. CANNOT BE DENIED EVEN
WHEN OTHER RIGHTS HAVE ALREADY BEEN ENJOYED.
• 6. UNIVERSAL- APPLIES IRRESPECTIVE OF ONES ORIGIN, STATUS, OR
CONDITION OR PLACE WHERE ONE LIVES.
• 7. INTERDEPENDENT- THE FULFILLMENT OR EXERCISE OF ONE CANNOT BE
HAD WITHOUT THE REALIZATION OF THE OTHER.
CLASSIFICATION OF RIGHTS

• ACCORDING TO SOURCE
• ACCORDING TO RECIPIENT
• ACCORDING TO ASPECT OF LIFE
• ACCORDING TO DEROGABILITY
ACCORDING TO SOURCE

• 1. NATURAL RIGHTS- GOD-GIVEN RIGHTS, ACKNOWLEDGE BY EVERYBODY

TO BE MORALLY GOOD. UNWRITTEN, BUT PREVAIL AS NORMS OF THE
SOCIETY.
EXAMPLES: THE RIGHT TO BE HAPPY, RIGHT TO MARRY, RIGHT TO LIFE AND
PROPERTY, ETC.
• 2. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS- CONFERRED AND PROTECTED BY THE
CONSTITUTION AND WHICH CANNOT BE MODIFIED OR TAKEN AWAY FROM
THE LAW-MAKING BODY.
EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO SUFFRAGE, RIGHT TO RELIGION, ETC.
3. STATUTORY RIGHTS- THOSE RIGHTS WHICH ARE PROVIDED BY LAW
PROMULGATED BY THE LAW-MAKING BODY. MAYBE ABOLISHED BY THE BODY
THAT CREATED THEM.
EXAMPLES: RIGHTS OF ACCUSED, RIGHTS OF PERSONS UNDER CUSTODIAL
INVESTIGATION, ETC.
ACCORDING TO RECIPIENT
• 1. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS- ACCORDED TO INDIVIDUALS
• EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO VOTE, RIGHT TO OWN PROPERTY, ETC.
• 2. COLLECTIVE RIGHTS- ALSO CALLED “PEOPLES RIGHTS” OR “SOLIDARITY RIGHTS” .
RIGHTS OF THE SOCIETY, THOSE THAT CAN BE ENJOYED ONLY IN COMPANY WITH
OTHERS.

• EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO CULTURAL PRESERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS, TO

ASSEMBLY , ETC.
ACCORDING TO ASPECT OF LIFE
• 1. CIVIL RIGHTS- RIGHTS WHICH THE LAW WILL ENFORCE AT THE INSTANCE OF PRIVATE
INDIVIDUALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SECURING TO THEM THE ENJOYMENT OF THEIR MEANS OF
HAPPINESS.
EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO SELF EXPRESSION, RIGHT TO MARRY, RIGHT TO RELIGION, ETC.
2. POLITICAL RIGHTS- RIGHTS WHICH ENABLE US TO PARTICIPATE IN RUNNING THE AFFAIRS
OF THE GOVERNMENT EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY.
EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO VOTE, RIGHT TO ASSEMBLY, ETC.
• 3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS- THOSE WHICH THE LAW CONFERS UPON THE
PEOPLE TO ENABLE THEM TO ACHIEVE SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT.

• EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO OWN PROPERTY, RIGHT TO EMPLOYEES, ETC.

• 4. CULTURAL RIGHTS- RIGHTS THAT ENSURE THE WELL-BEING OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND
FOSTER THE PRESERVATION, ENRICHMENT, AND DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL
CULTURE BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF UNITY IN DIVERSITY.

• EXAMPLES: RIGHT TO PRACTICE ONES CULTURE, RIGHT TO CULTURAL RELIGION, RIGHT

TO USE OWN LANGUAGE ETC.
ACCORDING TO DEROGABILITY

• 1. ABSOLUTE OR NON-DEROGABLE RIGHTS- THOSE THAT CANNOT BE SUSPENDED NOR

TAKEN AWAY NOR RESTRICTED/LIMITED EVEN IF THE GOVERNMENT INVOKES NATIONAL
SECURITY.

• EXAMPLES: THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF THOUGHT, CONSCIENCE, AND RELIGION.

•2. DEROGABLE OR CAN-BE-LIMITED-RIGHTS- MAY BE SUSPENDED OR RESTRICTED OR LIMITED DEPENDING ON THE
CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH CALL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SOCIAL LIFE. IT MUST SATISFY THREE REQUIREMENTS FOR
IT TO BE VALID:
•I- IT IS PROVIDED FOR BY THE LAW WHICH IS MADE KNOWN TO EVERY CITIZEN;
•II- THERE IS A STATE OF EMERGENCY WHICH NEEDS URGENT PRESERVATION OF THE PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC SAFETY,
AND PUBLIC MORAL;
•III- IT DOES NOT EXCEED WHAT IS STRICTLY NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE THE PURPOSE.
•EXAMPLES; (DURING PANDEMIC) THE RIGHT TO TRAVEL MAY BE LIMITED, RIGHT TO LIBERTY, WHICH CAN BE
LAWFULLY RESTRICTED.
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
• SLAVERY- AFRICANS WERE STRIPPED OF HUMAN RIGHTS, ENSLAVED, BRUTALLY
TREATED AND CONSIDERED LESSER THAN THEIR FELLOW HUMAN BEINGS FOR
CENTURIES.

• HOLOCAUST- ALSO KNOWN AS THE SHOAH, WAS THE GENOCIDE OF EUROPEAN JEWS
DURING WORLD WAR II. BETWEEN 1941 AND 1945, NAZI GERMANY AND ITS
COLLABORATORS SYSTEMATICALLY MURDERED SOME SIX MILLION JEWS ACROSS
GERMAN-OCCUPIED EUROPE.
EXAMPLE OF VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• LOUIE SORIAO WAS A HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT IN THE SUB PROVINCE OF DINALUNGAN,
AURORA (S.Y. 1993 TO 1994). DUE TO HIS REPUTATION OF TALKING BACK TO SCHOOL
AUTHORITY DURING THE PAST YEARS, HE WAS REFUSED READMISSION TO COMPLETE
HIS FOURTH AND FINAL YEAR OF HIS SCHOOL THROUGH VERBAL NOTICE NOT TO
READMIT. SORIAO QUESTIONED THE NOTICE, AVERRING THAT HE WAS DEPRIVED OR A
HEARING ON THE MATTER THUS THE VERBAL NOTICE WAS A DENIAL OF HIS RIGHT TO
DUE PROCESS. THE ADMINISTRATION IGNORED THE STUDENTS PLEA TO RECONSIDER
ITS DECISION TO DENY HIM READMISSION CLAIMING, “IT WAS THEIR PREROGATIVE.”
SEEKING FURTHER REMEDIES TO NO AVAIL, SORIAO FILED A PETITION FOR CERTIORARI
TO THE CA.
EXAMPLE OF VIOLATION OF A HUMAN RIGHT

•ISSUE: WHETHER OR NOT THE PETITIONER WAS DENIED HIS

RIGHT TO EDUCATION.
• RULING: YES, THE COURT OF APPEALS ORDERED PINEDA, HEAD TEACHER OF
THE JUAN C. ANGARA MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL TO ALLOW SORIAO TO
ENROLL AND STUDY AFTER HE WAS METED OUT A DISCIPLINARY ACTION
WITHOUT DUE PROCESS. THE COURT OF APPEALS INVOKED THE 1987
CONSTITUTIONAL AND THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION O HUMAN RIGHTS.
FREEDOM VS. HUMAN RIGHTS

• TWO OF THE KEY VALUES THAT LIE AT THE CORE OF THE IDEA OF HUMAN
RIGHTS ARE HUMAN DIGNITY AND EQUALITY.
• FREEDOM: BECAUSE THE HUMAN WILL IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF HUMAN
DIGNITY. TO BE FORCED TO DO SOMETHING AGAINST WILL DEMEANS THE
HUMAN SPIRIT.
NON-STATE ACTORS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• NON-STATE ACTORS INCLUDE ORGANIZATIONS ARE INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE NOT AFFILIATED WITH,
DIRECTED BY, OR FUNDED THROUGH THE GOVERNMENT. THESE INCLUDES CORPORATIONS, PRIVATE
FINANCIAL IINSTITUTIONS, AND NGOS.

• HUMAN RIGHTS OF OTHERS IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED ALSO; NON-STATE
ENTITIES ARE OBLIGED, AS A MINIMUM, TO COMPLY.

• WHENEVER POWER IS EXERCISED, THERE IS THE RISK THAT IS USED IN AN UNRESTRICTED MANNER
VIOLATING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUAL.
 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS
•THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS CONSISTS OF THE FIVE CORE MAIN TREATIES;
•A. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
•B. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC , SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
•C. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
•D. OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
•E. SECOND OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS, AIMING AT THE ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY.
•PURPOSE: THE PROMOTION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOR
FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS FOR ALL WITHOUT DISTINCTION AS TO RACE, SEX, LANGUAGE, OR
RELIGION.
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OFHUMAN RIGHTS

• ONE OF THE FIVE CORE MAIN TREATISE OF THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS. IT IS AN
INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENT WHICH ARTICULATES 30 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS FOR ALL
(RIGHT TO LIFE, RIGHT AGAINST SLAVERY, RIGHT TO EDUCATION, ETC.)

• THE DECLARATION WAS PROCLAIMED BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN PARIS ON
DECEMBER 10,1948 THROUGH GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 217.
UN COMMISON ON HUMAN RIGHTS

• FORMALLY ESTABLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL TO ASSIST IN ALL

MATTERS RELATING IN HUMAN RIGHTS

• COMPOSED OF 43 MEMBERS
• DEALS WITH ALL ASPECTS OF THE HUMAN ISSUES INVOLVING PARTICIPATION OF ALL
SECTORS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE

• UNDERTAKERS SPECIAL TASKS ASSIGNED TO IT BY THE GENERAL, COUNCIL, INCLUDING

THE INVESTIGATION OF ALL ALLEGATOINS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

• SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS OR WORKING GROUPS ARE APPOINTED TO DEAL WITH SPECIAL

TOPICS
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)

• IT INVESTIGATES AND, WHERE WARRANTED, TRIES INDIVIDUALS CHARGED WITH THE GRAVEST CRIMES
OF CONCERNS TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY: GENOCIDE, WAR CRIMES, CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY AND CRIME OF AGGRESSION.

• AS A COURT OF LAST RESORT, IT SEEKS TO COMPLIMENT, NOT REPLACE. NATIONAL COURTS.

• GOVERNED BY AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY CALLED THE ROME STATUE, ICC IN THE WORLDS PERMANENT
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT.

• THERE ARE 123 COUNTRIES PARTY TO THE ROME OF STATUE.

• MAIN OFFICE: HAGUE A CITY IN THE NETHERLANDS
• NO. OF JUDGES: 18 JUDGES
• GENOCIDE- INTENT TO DESTROY IN WHOLE OR IN PART A NATIONAL, ETHICAL, RACIAL,
OR RELIGIOUS GROUP;

• WAR CRIMES, OR GRAVE BREACHES OF THE LAWS OF WAR, WHICH INCLUDE THE
GENEVA CONVENTIONS;

• CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY- VIOLATIONS COMMITTED AS A PART OF LARGE-SCALE

ATTACKS AGAINST CIVILIAN POPULATIONS.

• CRIMES OF AGGRESSION, OR IN THE USE OR THREAT OF ARMED FORCED BY A STATE

AGAINST POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE OF ANOTHER STATE, OR VIOLATIONS OF THE UN
CHARTER.
 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS

• IT IS A SET OF RULES WHICH SEEK, FOR HUMANITARIAN REASON, TO LIMIT THE EFFECTS OR
ARMED CONFLICT. IT PROTECTS PERSONS WHO ARE NOT OR ARE NO LONGER
PARTICIPATING IN THE MEANS AND METHODS OF WARFARE. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE
LAW OF WAR OR THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT WHICH REGULATES THE CONDUCT OF
WARFARE.
THE UN AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS OF
PRISONERS OF WAR, AND IN CONFLICT AREAS

• GENEVA CONVENTION- PROVIDES A WIDE RANGE OF PROTECTION FOR

PRISONERS OF WAR. IT DEFINES THEIR RIGHTS AND SET DOWNS DETAILED
RULES FOR THEIR TREATMENT AND EVENTUAL RELEASE.
PRISONERS OF WAR (POWS)

• 1. MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF A PARTY TO THE CONFLIT AS WELL AS MEMBERS

OF MILITIAS OR VOLUNTEER CORPS FORMING PART OF SUCH ARMED FORCES.

• 2. PERSONS WHO ACCOMPANY ARMED FORCES WITHOUT ACTUALLY BEING MEMBERS

THEREOF, SUCH AS CIVILIAN MEMBERS OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT CREWS, WAR
CORRESPONDENTS, SUPPLY CONTRACTORS, ETC.

• 3. MEMBERS OF CREWS, INCLUDING MASTERS, PILOTS, AND APPRENTICES, OF THE

MERCHANT MARINE- AND THE CREWS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT OF THE PARTIES TO THE
CONFLICT.

• 4. INHABITANTS OF A NON-OCCUPIED TERRITORY, WHO ON THE APPROACH OF THE

ENEMY SPONTANEOUSLY TAKE UP ARMS TO RESIST INVADING FORCES.
•NOTE: CHAPLAINS AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL ATTACHED TO
ARMIES IF FALL INTO THE HANDS OF THE ENEMY THEY SHALL NOT
BE TREATED AS PRISONERS OF WAR.
 RIGHTS OF POWS

• 1. THE POWS CANNOT BE COMPELLED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OTHER THAN THEIR
NAME, RANK, AGE AND SERVICE NUMBER.

• 2. IF BECAUSE OF HIS PHYSICAL OR MENTAL CONDITION, HE IS UNABLE TO ANWER THE

QUESTION, HE SHOULD BE HANDED TO THE MEDICAL CORPS.

• 3. A POW MUST BE ALLOWED TO KEEP WITH HIS ALL PERSONAL POSSESSIONS WHICH
DOES NOT INCLUDE ARMS AND MILITARY PAPERS.

• 4. THE POWS SHALL BE RELEASED AND REPATRAITED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE

CESSATION OF ACTIVE HOSTALITIES.

• 5. THEY SHOULD BE TREATED WITH HONOUR AND HUMANELY.

• 6. POWS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO INFORM THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS OF THEIR CAPTURE.
• 7. THEY SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO INFORM THEIR FAMILY OF THEIR STATUS.
• 8. IF HELD CAPTIVE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME, THEY SHOULD BE
ALLOWED TO CONTACT THEIR RELATIVES ON A REGULAR BASIS.
• 9. THEY ARE ALLOWED TO RECEIVE PACKAGES.
• 10. POWS SHOULD BE PROVIDED WITH THE EDEQUATE FOODS.
• 11. WHEN HELD CAPTIVE LONG, THEY SHOULD BE PROVIDED WITH HOUSING
AS WELL AS THE CLOTHING.
• 12. THEY SHOULD NOT BE MADE TO DO ANY DANGEROUS OR DEGRADING
WORK.
• 13. THEY SHOULD BE REIMBURSED IF ANY WORK WAS DONE BY THEM.
• 14. IF A POW HAS BEEN WOUNDED IN THE BATTLEFIELD, HE SHALL RECEIVE
HELP FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF RED CROSS.
 INTERNATINAL COMMITTEE OF RED CROSS

AN INDEPENDENT, NEUTRAL ORGANIZATIONAL ENSURING HUMANITARIAN PROTECTION

AND ASSISTANCE FOR VICTIMS OF ARMED CONFLICT AND OTHER SITUATIONS OF
VIOLENCE.
SILENT CORE TASK OF THE COMMITTEE (DERIVED FROM THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND
ITS OWN STATUTES)
-TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE OF WARRING PARTIES WITH THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS
-TO ORGANIZED NURSING AND CARE FOR THOSE WHO ARE WOUNEDE ON THE BATTLEFIELD
-TO SUPERVISE THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR
-TO HELP WITH THE SEARCH FOR MISSING PERSONS IN AN ARMED CONFLICT
 WAR CRIMES
• ARE THOSE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW (TREATY OR
CUSTOMARY LAW) THAT INCUR DURING THE CONDUCT OF WAR.
EXAMPLES:

• INTERNTIONALLY DIRECTING ATTACKS AGAINST BUILDINGS DEDICATED TO RELISION,

EDUCATION, ART, OR HOSPITALS;

• RAPE OR SEXUAL SLAVERY;

• ENLISTING CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 15 YEARS INTO ARMED FORCES OR GROUPS.
NOTE:

• THE CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOL MAKE CLEAR THAT GRAVE BREACHES

MUST BE PUNISHED.
• HOWEVER NO SPECIFIC PENALTIES SET. INSTEAD THEY EXPRESSLY
REQUIRE STATES TO ENACT CRIMINAL LEGISLATION TO PUNISH THOSE
ESPONSIBLE FOR GRAVE BREACHES.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9851

• AN ACT DEFINING AND PENALIZING CRIMES AGAINST INTERNATIONAL

HUMANITARIAN LAW GENOCIDE AND OTHER CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY,
ORGANIZING JURISDICTION, DEIGNATING SPECIAL COURTS, AND FOR
RELATED PURPOSES.
HORS DE COMBAT
• MEANS A PERSON WHO:
• (1) IS IN THE POWER OF AN ADVERSE PARTY;
• (2) HAS CLEARLY EXPRESSED AN INTENTION TO SURRENDER: OR
• (3) HASE BEEN RENDERED UNCONSCIOUS OR OTHERWISE INCAPACITATED
BY WOUNDS OR SICKNESS AND THEREFORE IN INCAPABLE OF DEFENDING
HIMSELF;
PENALTIES (SEC. 7, RA 9851)
• RECLUSION TEMPORAL IN ITS MEDIUM TO MAXIMUM PERIOD OF FINE RANGING FROM
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS (PHP 100,000,00) TO FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND
PESOS (PHP500,000,000,OO).

• WHEN JUSTIFIED BY THE EXTREME GRAVITY OF THE CRIME, OR WHEN CRIME RESULTS
IN DEATH OR SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJURY, OR CONSTITUTES RAPE, THE PENALTY
RECLUSION PERPETUA AND A FINE RANGING FROM PHP500,000.00 TO
PHPI.000,000,00 SHALL BE IMPOSED.
• SEC.17. JURISDICTION.- THE STATE SHALL EXERCISE JURISDICTION OVER PERSONS,
WHETHER MILITARY OR CIVILIAN, PROVIDED, ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS
IS MET:

• (A) THE ACCUSED IS A FILIPINO CITIZEN:

• (B) THE ACCUSED, REGARDLESS OF CITIZENSHIP OR RESIDENCE, IS PRESENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES; OR

• (C) THE ACCUSED HAS COMMITTED THE SAID CRIME AGAINST A FILIPINO CITIZEN.
HUMAN RIGHTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PHILIPPINES
• PHILIPPINES SIGNATORIES TO 8 UN CORE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES;

• 1. THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION OR (ICERD).

• 2. THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS OR (ICESR).

• 3. THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN OR (CEDAW),

• 4. THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OF PUNISHMENT OR (CAT),

• 5. THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS OR (ICCPR),

• 6. THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD OR (CRC),

• 7. THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION ON THE RIGHTS OF ALL MIGRANT WORKERS AND MEMBERS OF THEIR
FAMILIES OR (CMW),

• 8. THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (CRPD),