Computer integrated Manufacturing

Course for 5th year B.Sc. Students in Industrial

Engineering

By
Zerihun W.
 Objectives

After studying this course, you should be able to

 describe the fundamental concepts of CIM,
 explain enterprise wide integration of CIM and concept of
CIM wheel,
 differentiate between CAM, CAD/CAM, and CIM,
 know the scope of CIM,
 discuss operations flow within CAD/CAM, and
 know the different approaches for integration of
CAD/CAM.

2 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Course Outline
1. Introduction to CIM
2. Role of Computers in Manufacturing
3. Computer aided manufacturing
4. Automated Production Lines
5. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
6. Group Technology
7. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
8. Introduction to Industrial Robotics

3 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Course Outline
1. Introduction to CIM
2. Role of Computers in Manufacturing
3. Computer aided manufacturing
4. Automated Production Lines
5. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
6. Group Technology
7. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
8. Introduction to Industrial Robotics

4 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 1. INTRODUCTION TO CIM

5 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Cont…
 The term CIM comprises three words-computers, integrated,
and manufacturing.
 CIM is thus the application of computers in manufacturing in
an integrated way.
 The middle term, integrated, in CIM is very appropriate. It
brings home the point that integration of all the resources-
capital, human, technology, and equipment-is vital to success
in manufacturing.
 Integration is achieved through timely and effective
communication, which CIM relies on heavily. Since the
computer is the basis of integration, communication within the
context of CIM is strongly computer-oriented.

6 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Cont…
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) includes the entire
range of product development and manufacturing activities
with all the functions being carried out with the help of
dedicated software packages.

 The data required for various functions are passed from one
application software to another in a seamless manner.

 For example, the product data is created during design. This

data has to be transferred from the modeling software to
manufacturing software without any loss of data.

7 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Con…
 CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing and
thereby relieves the process of its slow, expensive and error-
prone component.

 CIM stands for a holistic and methodological approach to the

activities of the manufacturing enterprise in order to achieve
vast improvement in its performance.

 CIM also encompasses the whole lot of enabling technologies

including total quality management, business process
reengineering, concurrent engineering, workflow automation,
enterprise resource planning and flexible manufacturing.

8 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Cont…

Manufacturing industries strive to reduce the cost of the

product continuously to remain competitive in the face of
global competition.

Figure 1 Challenges in manufacturing

9 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Cont…
 In addition, there is the need to improve the quality and
performance levels on a continuing basis.
 Another important requirement is on time delivery.
 In the context of global outsourcing and long supply chains
cutting across several international borders, the task of
continuously reducing delivery times is really an arduous task.
 CIM has several software tools to address the above needs.

10 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 BENEFITS OF CIM

Tangible Benefits Intangible Benefits

Higher profits
Less direct labor
Increased machine use
Reduced scrap and rework
Increased factory capacity
Reduced inventory
Shortened new product development
time
Fewer missed delivery dates
Decreased warranty costs
Higher employee morale
Safer working environment
Improved customer image
Greater scheduling flexibility
Greater ease in recruiting new
employees
Increased job security
More opportunities for upgrading
skills

Table 1.1 Benefits of CIM

11 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023
 CIM WHEEL
 CASA/SME has suggested a framework, the CIM wheel, to
elucidate the meaning of CIM.
 Formed by SME in 1975, CASA is an interest group of
manufacturing professionals.
 It depicts a central core (integrated systems architecture) that
handles the common manufacturing data and is concerned with
information resource management and communications

 The radial sectors surrounding the core (wheel hub) represent

the various activities of manufacturing, such as design,
material processing, and inspection.

12 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Cont…
 These activities have been grouped under three categories-
manufacturing planning and control, product/process, and
factory automation-as depicted in the wheel's inner rim

 The outer rim represents the upper management functions,

grouped into four categories: strategic planning, marketing,
manufacturing and human resource management, and finance.

 As the wheel illustrates, CIM is broad enough to encompass all

aspects of the manufacturing enterprise and its management,
including those of personnel and finance

13 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

14 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023
 EVOLUTION OF CIM
 CIM has been evolving since the mid-1970s; however, until
1980 it was merely a concept.
 The 1980s, especially the second half, saw CIM expand into a
technology. By now, industry has realized that CIM is a
necessity rather than a luxury.

 Computer-integrated manufacturing continues to evolve so that

any claim that a "true" CIM plant exists is debatable.

 Progress in this direction has been phenomenal, however, and

several full-blown CIM plants will probably be operating by
the turn of the century.
15 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023
 Cont…
 Today, numerous companies market an array of products that,
when put together intelligently, can convert an average
manufacturing facility into a CIM operation.
 Primary factors that have led to the development of the CIM
concept and associated technologies include the following:
1. Development of numerical control (NC) . CNC, & DNC
2. The advent and cost-effectiveness of computers
3. Manufacturing challenges, such as global competition, high labor cost,
regulations, product liability, and demand for quality products
4. The capability-to-cost attractiveness of microcomputers.

16 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Major elements of CIM systems

Fig 3 Major elements of CIM systems

17 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 CIM Objectives
 Simplify production processes, product designs, and other
business functions
 Automate production processes and the business functions that
support them with computers, machines, and robots
 Integrate all production(manufacturing) and support processes
using computer networks, cross-functional business software,
and other information technologies

18 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 SUBSYSTEMS IN COMPUTER-INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
 A computer-integrated manufacturing system is not the same as
a "lights-out" factory, which would run completely
independent of human intervention, although it is a big step in
that direction. 

 Part of the system involves flexible manufacturing, where the

factory can be quickly modified to produce different products,
or where the volume of products can be changed quickly with
the aid of computers
 Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in a
CIM operation

19 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 COMPUTER-AIDED TECHNIQUES

 CAD (computer-aided design)

 CAE (computer-aided engineering)
 CAM (computer-aided manufacturing)
 CAPP (computer-aided process planning)
 CAQ (computer-aided quality assurance)
 PPC (production planning and control)
 ERP (enterprise resource planning)
 A business system integrated by a common database
20 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023
 Cont…
 CAD (Computer-Aided Design) involves the use of computers to create
design drawings and product models.
 CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering)  is the broad usage of computer
software to aid in engineering tasks .
 CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) is the use of computer software
to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of
work pieces.
 CAPP (Computer-Aided Process Planning)  is the use of computer
technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product, in
manufacturing

21 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 Cont…
 CAQ (Computer-Aided Quality Assurance)  is the engineering application of
computers and computer controlled machines for the inspection of the quality of
products.
 CPPC (computer aided Production Planning and Control) A production (or
manufacturing) planning and control (MPC) system is concerned with planning
and controlling all aspects of manufacturing, including materials, scheduling
machines and people, and coordinating suppliers and customers.
 ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems integrate internal and external 
management information across an entire organization, embracing
finance/accounting, manufacturing, and sales and services

22 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

 CNC, Computer numerical controlled machine tools

 DNC, Direct numerical control machine tools
 PLCs, Programmable logic controllers
 Robotics
 Computers
 Software
 Controllers
 Networks
 Interfacing
 Monitoring equipment

23 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 TECHNOLOGIES
• FMS, (flexible manufacturing system)
• ASRS, (automated storage and retrieval system)
• AGV, (automated guided vehicle)
• Robotics
• Automated conveyance systems

24 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 CIM HARDWARE AND CIM SOFTWARE
 CIM Hardware comprises the following:
i. Manufacturing equipment such as CNC machines or
computerized work centers, robotic work cells, DNC/FMS
systems, work handling and tool handling devices, storage
devices, sensors, shop floor data collection devices,
inspection machines etc.
ii. Computers, controllers, CAD/CAM systems, workstations /
terminals, data entry terminals, bar code readers, printers,
plotters and other peripheral devices, modems, cables,
connectors etc.,

25 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023

 CIM software comprises computer programmes to
carry out the following functions:

• Management information • Production Control

System • Manufacturing Area Control
• Sales • Job Tracking
• Marketing • Inventory Control
• Finance • Shop Floor Data Collection
• Database Management • Order Entry
• Modeling and Design • Materials Handling
• Analysis • Device Drivers
• Simulation
• Communications
26 Bahir Dar institute of Technology 05/27/2023