Chapter 05

Chapter 5
System Software
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide to
the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Define system
Describe the Summarize the
software and identify
functions of an startup process on a
the two types of
operating system personal computer
system software
Summarize the Summarize the

Briefly describe
features of several features of several
various server
stand-alone operating embedded operating
operating systems
systems systems
Explain the purpose

of several utility
programs
See Page 397 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 2

for Detailed Objectives
System Software
• System software consists of the programs that

control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices
Operating Utility
systems Programs
Page 398 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 3

Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut
Provide a user Manage Manage
down a
interface programs memory
computer
Establish an
Coordinate Configure Monitor
Internet
tasks devices performance
connection
Provide Automatically Control a Administer

utilities update network security
Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 4

Operating Systems
Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 5

Figure 8-1
Operating System Functions
• The process of starting or restarting a computer is

called booting
Cold boot Warm boot
• Turning on • Using the

a computer operating
that has system to
been restart a
powered off computer
completely

Figure 8-2

Figure 8-3
A boot drive is the drive from

which your computer starts
• You can boot from a boot disk
• A recovery disk contains a few system
files that will start the computer
• An operating system includes various shut down

options
Sleep mode saves any open

documents and programs to Hibernate saves any open
RAM, turns off all unneeded documents and programs to
functions, and then places a hard disk before removing
the computer in a low- power from the computer
power state

• A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and how
information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical user
interface (GUI), you
interact with menus
and visual images
Pages 402 – 403 10

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5
Figure 8-4
• With a command-line interface, a user uses the

keyboard to enter data and instructions

Figure 8-5
• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity
Single tasking
Single user and Foreground and
and
multiuser background
multitasking
Preemptive
Multiprocessing
multitasking


Figure 8-6
• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity
• enables a computer operating system to switch between
computer software programs. This helps prevent a
Preemptive
software program from taking complete control of the CPU
multitasking
and allows multiple programs to continue to operate
without crashing or freezing
• Refers to a computer system's ability to support more than

one process (program) at the same time. Multiprocessing
Multiprocessing
operating systems enable several programs to run
concurrently

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

Figure 8-8
• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

Figure 8-9
A driver is a small
Plug and Play
program that tells the
automatically
operating system how
configures new devices
to communicate with a
as you install them
specific device

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Internet connections

Figure 8-10
• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

Figure 8-11
• Operating systems often provide users with the

capability of:
Searching for Viewing Securing a
Managing files
files images computer
Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing

programs disks disks problems
Backing up Setting up
files and disks screen savers

• Automatic update automatically provides updates

to the program

Figure 8-12
• Some operating systems • A network

are designed to work administrator uses the
with a server on a server operating system
network to:
• A server operating – Add and remove users,
system organizes and computers, and other
devices
coordinates how
– Install software and
multiple users access
administer network
and share resources on security
a network
Page 410 22
• Each user has a user

account
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name
Page 410 23
Figure 8-13
Types of Operating Systems

Figure 8-14
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• A stand-alone operating system is a complete

operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device
Windows
Mac OS X
7
Page 412 UNIX Linux

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 25
• Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient

operating system to date and is available in
multiple editions:
Windows Windows 7
7 Starter Home Premium
Windows Windows 7
Pages 413 - 414 7 Ultimate Professional
• Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows Windows
Firewall DVD Maker
Windows Desktop
Media Player
Page 414
Gadget Gallery
Page 414 28
Figures 8-16 – 8-17

Figure 8-18
• The Macintosh operating system has set the

standard for operating system ease of use
• Latest version is Mac OS X

Figure 8-19
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIX-
type operating system
Figures 8-20 – 8-21
Server Operating Systems
Windows
UNIX
Server 2008
Linux Solaris
Server Operating Systems
• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows

Server 2003
– Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
– Multiple editions
• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization technology
– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing
resources

Embedded Operating Systems
• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip

on a mobile device or consumer electronic device
Windows Windows
Embedded CE Phone 7
Palm OS
Pages 418 - 420
iPhone OS
Embedded Operating Systems

Figures 8-22 – 8-26
Utility Programs
• A utility program is a type of system software that

allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks

Figure 8-27
Utility Programs
• A file manager is a
utility that performs
functions related to file
management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders
– Creating shortcuts
Page 422 37
Figure 8-28
Utility Programs
• A search utility is a program that attempts to

locate a file on your computer based on criteria
you specify

Figure 8-29
Utility Programs
• An image viewer allows

users to display, copy,
and print the contents
of a graphics file
• An uninstaller removes
a program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files
Page 423 39
Figure 8-30
Utility Programs
• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes

unnecessary files
– Downloaded program
files
– Temporary Internet
files
– Deleted files
– Unused program
files

Figure 8-31
Utility Programs
• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and

unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data more quickly and
programs run faster
– Defragmenting
Pages 423 – 424 41

Figure 8-32
Utility Programs
• A backup utility allows

users to copy files to
another storage
medium
• A restore utility
reverses the process
and returns backed up
files to their original
form
Page 424 42
Figure 8-33
Utility Programs
• A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall

display device’s screen detects and protects a
to show a moving image personal computer from
or blank screen if no unauthorized intrusions
activity occurs for a
specified time
Page 425 43
Figures 8-34 – 8-35
Utility Programs
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer

negatively
A worm copies itself A Trojan horse hides within An antivirus program

repeatedly in memory or or looks like a legitimate protects a computer against
over a network program viruses

Video: Free Online Antivirus
CLICK TO START

Utility Programs

Figures 8-36 – 8-37
Utility Programs
Spyware is a program placed on Adware displays an online

a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects
advertisement in a banner
information about the user or pop-up window
•A spyware remover •An adware remover

detects and deletes is a program that
spyware and other detects and deletes
similar programs adware
Utility Programs
• Filters are programs that remove or block certain

items from being displayed
Web filtering Anti-spam
software programs
Phishing Pop-up
filters blockers
Utility Programs
• A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)

– Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
– Two types of compression
• Lossy
• Lossless
• Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed

Utility Programs
• A media player allows you to view images and

animation, listen to audio, and watch video files
on your computer

Figure 8-38
Utility Programs
• Disc burning software

writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files on
a recordable or
rewritable optical disc
Page 428 51
Figure 8-39
Utility Programs
• A personal computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the
capability of improving
a computer’s
performance
Page 428 52
Figure 8-40
Summary
Definition of an Functions
operating common to most
system operating systems
Variety of stand-alone
operating systems, server
operating systems, and
Several utility
embedded operating
systems
programs
Chapter 5
System Software
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide to
the Digital World
Chapter 5 Complete

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Chapter 5

Summarize the Summarize the

Explain the purpose

See Page 397 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 2

• System software consists of the programs that

Page 398 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 3

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

Provide Automatically Control a Administer

Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 4

Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 5

• The process of starting or restarting a computer is

• Turning on • Using the

Page 400 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 6

Page 401 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 7

A boot drive is the drive from

• An operating system includes various shut down

Sleep mode saves any open

Page 402 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 9

Pages 402 – 403 10

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the

Page 403 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 11

• How an operating system handles programs

Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 12

Page 404 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 13

• How an operating system handles programs

• Refers to a computer system's ability to support more than

Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 14

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

Page 406 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 15

• The operating system determines the order in

Page 407 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 16

Page 408 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 17

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

Page 408 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 18

• A performance monitor is a program that

Pages 408 – 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 19

• Operating systems often provide users with the

Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing

Page 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 20

• Automatic update automatically provides updates

Page 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 21

• Some operating systems • A network

• Each user has a user

Page 412 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 24

• A stand-alone operating system is a complete

Page 412 UNIX Linux

• Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient

• Windows 7 provides programs such as:

Page 415 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 29

• The Macintosh operating system has set the

Page 415 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 30

• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows

Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 33

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip

Pages 419 – 420 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 35

• A utility program is a type of system software that

Page 421 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 36

• A search utility is a program that attempts to

Page 422 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 38

• An image viewer allows

• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes

Page 423 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5 40

• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and

Pages 423 – 424 41