Types of Software

Software

Application
System software
software
System software

Set of programs

Designed for controlling, integrating and

managing hardware components

To extend processing capabilities

 Operating
system (OS)

System Programming
utilities languages
System
software

Language
Linkers
translators
 Operating System (OS)

• Interface between users & computer system

• Integrated set of programs that control
computer resources
• Provides base on which other programs are run
• To install an application software, OS is a pre-
requisite
 Operating System

Performs basic
tasks

Controlling
Recognition of
Sending output to computer
input from input
output devices peripherals like
devices
printers
 Operating System

Micro Mini-
Mainframes
computers computers

DOS OS/2 MVS UNIX OS/400

Windows
Vista
 Control Programs

System service
Components of OS
programs

Utility programs
Control Programs

Create environment to run other programs

Provide graphical interface

Controls & maintains operations of a computer

Example: Graphical user interface (GUI) in

windows environment
System service Programs

Performs specific functions without user intervention

May be started manually or may be configured to start

automatically when Operating System is booted

Runs in the background when Operating system is running &

can affect system performance, responsiveness, energy
efficiency & security

Examples: task scheduler, windows update, messenger

services, plug & play, indexing services, etc.
Functions of Operating System
1. Job Management: Recognizes jobs, identifies
priorities, determines availability of main memory &
prepares the schedule to run a job or program

2. Process Management: Reduces the idle time of

processors and input/output devices of computer
system

3. Input/ Output Management: Manages flow of

input to and output from computer with the help of
various devices and their drivers
4. Data Management: Keeps track of data on the disk and other
storage devices

5. File Management: Takes care of file related activities like:

creation, deletion, manipulation of files & directories

6. Memory Management: Allocates & deallocates available

memory to various programs depending upon their needs
7. Virtual Storage: Increases capacity of main memory
without increasing its physical size, use virtual memory to
store instructions & data

8. Security Management: Provides password security for

sensitive data to stop unauthorized access

9. On-line Processing: Waits for user to tell it ‘what to do’

& immediately performs
 Interpreter
• This program translate one statement of HLL
program into machine language at a time and
executes it. Here the translation and execution are
taking place simultaneously. If there is an error,
then that error must be corrected. Else it will not
take next line for translation and execution.
 Computer Codes
•BCD
•Gray Code
•ASCII
•Unicode