Practical Research 1

Additional Input for Proposal Defense

To be added in the Delimitation and
Limitation of the Study
• Justification for having 12 respondents
• Guest et al. (2006) found that in homogeneous studies using
purposeful sampling, like many qualitative studies, 12 interviews
should be sufficient to achieve data saturation.
• Reference:
• Guest, G. Bunce, A. & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough?:
An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18 (1),
59.82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
To be added in Research Participants
• Purposive sampling is a non-probability method for obtaining a 
sample where researchers use their expertise to choose specific
participants that will help the study meet its goals. These subjects have
particular characteristics that the researchers need to evaluate their
research question. In other words, the researchers pick the participants
“on purpose” (Frost, 2022)
• Reference
• Frost, J. (2022). Purposive Sampling: Definition and Examples.
https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/purposive-sampling/
To be added in the Research Design
• In particular, this study will utilize Interpretative Phenomenological
Approach (IPA). IPA can help new and novice researchers the
opportunity to explore, in more detail, the ‘lived experiences’ of the
research participants. As such, IPA is seen by many researchers and
admirers of the approach as the most ‘participant-oriented’
qualitative research approach, which shows respect and sensitivity to
the ‘lived experiences’ of the research participants (Alase, 2017).
• Reference
• Alase, A. (2017). The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide
to a Good Qualitative Research Approach. School of Education, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. DOI:10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9
To be added in the Data Analysis
Specifically, to do Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) the
researchers will first, read and re-read the transcription, secondly do initial
noting, third develop emergent themes, fourth, search for connections
across emerging themes, fifth, move to the next case, sixth, look for patterns
across cases, and lastly, take interpretations to deeper levels (Charlick et al.
2015)

Reference:
Making Sense of Participant Experiences: Interpretative Phenomenological
Analysis in Midwifery Research - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-seven-steps-of-IPA-data-analysis-
Charlick-McKellar-Fielder-Pincombe-2015_fig2_320655539 [accessed 1 May, 2023]
 Presentation Format for Proposal Defense
• First Slide – Title of the proposed research
• Second Slide – Names of researchers
• Third and fourth Slides – Introduction (Global, International, National,
Local scenario of the problem (One sentence per scenario only with
author)
• Fifth Slide – Purpose of the proposed research
• Sixth Slide – Research Questions
• Seventh Slide – Delimitation and Limitation of the Study
• Eight Slide – Theoretical Lens (Name of theory, Author, Year, Gist of
the theory)
 Presentation Format for Proposal Defense
• Ninth Slide – Research Design (One sentence only with author)
• Tenth Slide – Data Collection and Analysis