Group Presentration-6

Submited
To
MMRD_Mohammad Mamunur Rashid
Asst. professor of TE Department
(BUFT)
 Team Presentation

Anik Sheak Raiyan jamal Adib Rafat Hossain Sk M Monoar Sadik Mahin Ahmed
ID:201-228-801 ID:201-230-801 ID:201-231-801 ID:201-232-801 ID:201-233-801

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 Anik Sheak
ID:201-228-801

3
 Topic

Non-catalyzed and Pt/γ-Al2O3-catalyzed hydrothermal

cellulose dissolution–conversion: influence of the
reaction parameters and analysis of the unreacted
cellulose.
Research objective

The objective of this research is to find out reaction

parameters and detailed about unreacted cellulose
analysis with Non-Catalyzed and Pt/ γ-Al2O3-
catalyzed in hydrothermal dissolution

5
 What are the work or research work done here?

This research is done with two steps. first one is with

catalyst and second one is without catalyst. Without
ccatalyst, This reaction is temperature and time dependent.
A dissolution–conversion ratio of 35% was obtained after 24
h of reaction and glucose and HMF Were detected as
monomeric products,

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 What are the work or research work done here?

The unreacted cellulose was analyzed using XRD, 13C solid

state NMR, TGA-DTA and SEM and compared to the initial
cellulose. Then With catalyst like Pt/ γ-Al2O3-catalyzed, Pt
and H2 atmosphere were seen to increase the dissolution–
conversion ratio however their role has not been yet well
established.

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What is the results?
The non-catalyzed cellulose dissolution– conversion under
the most usual conditions reported in the Recent literature
and, to investigate the extent of the promotion effect of
Pt/γ-Al2O3 on cellulose conversion under these conditions.

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 Explain the reason of results?
Without catalyst analysis of the residue indicated that the reaction
did not occur specifically on the amorphous or on the crystalline
parts of the polymer. SEM analyses showed a change in the
morphology when the reaction was pursued over 100 hours. With
catalyst, the presence of Pt/γ-Al2O3 increased the initial rate of
dissolution–conversion significantly. So, we can say that the result
variation comes due to catalyst.
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Materials of the work?

Materials are used: Platinum aluminium dioxide,

pressure.

Analytical technique: XRD , C-Solid NMR, TGA, SEM.

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 What are the method of work?

At first non catalyzed and Platinum or aluminium dioxide

catalyzed dissolution is used for certain time to observe the
changes. Then all of work is justify and saw the reason by using
different techniques.

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 Development of new organic-inorganic, hybrid
bionanocomposite from
cellulose and clay for enhanced removal of Drimarine Yellow
HF-3GL dye.

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 What are the research objective?

Removal of Drimarine Yellow HF-3GL dye by development of

new organic-inorganic, hybrid bionanocomposite from
cellulose and clay.

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 What are the research work done?

Cellulose/clay composites were prepared. The prepared

composites were characterized by FTIR, TGA, EDX, SEM and
XRD techniques. As-prepared composites efficiencies were
compared for the adsorption of dye and it was observed that
contact time, temperature, pH, initial dye concentration and
composite dose significantly affected the dye adsorption onto
composites. 14
 What are the results?

The results showed that cellulose/clay composite are efficient

for the removal of dyes and could possibly be used for the
remediation of textile wastewater containing dyes.

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 What is the reason for the results?

It was observed that contact time, temperature, pH, initial dye

concentration and composite dose significantly affected the
dye adsorption onto composites. Composite I and II removed
88.64% and 89.95% of dye, respectively at optimal conditions
of 60 min, pH 2 and 30 °C. NaOH was efficient as eluting agent
for the desorption of dye from composites.

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 What are the materials of work?

Cellulose or clay composite, Chemical and reagent, time,

temperature and pH control, Sodium Hydroxide.

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 What are the method of work?

1.Extraction of cellulose. 6. Isotherm modeling.

2. Synthesis of cellulose/clay 7. Thermodynamic

composite. function.
8. Reusability of
3. Characterization of
composite.
cellulose/clay composite.
9. Application of method
4. Sorption procedure.
to the real textile effluent.
5. Kinetic study.
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Raiyan jamal Adib
ID:201-230-801

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Research Topic :

Degradation of cotton cellulose treated with hydrochloric

acid either in water or in ethanol.

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Research background :

Cellulose dissolution in water-based solvents is essential

for processing of regenerated cellulose products such as
fibres, films and particles. Cellulose dissolution in NaOH–
urea aqueous solution has emerged as a simple and
attractive alternative for processing cellulose solutions.
However, this solvent requires energy intensive
pretreatments such as milling or refining.

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Research Objective :

In this paper we investigate a one step chemical

pretreatment method using ethanol–hydrochloric acid
prior to the dissolution of cellulose in NaOH–urea–water.

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Material and method :

Cotton cellulose was acid treated either in water or in

ethanol, containing 1.39% HCl, at 45 and 65°C for 1-5 h.
The morphology and molecular weight distribution of
celluloses before and after acid treatments were
observed, and the differences in the structure of
celluloses treated at different conditions were compared.
The soluble sugar contents of celluloses during acid
treatment were lower than 6%.

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Material and method :

Native cellulose showed smooth surface, whereas tiny pin-holes (15-20

nm in diameter) and wrinkles were found on the surface of acid-treated
cellulose. Cellulose tended to have pin-holes after treated in ethanol at
65°C.

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25
 Material Development :

The soluble sugar content, changes in morphological structure and

degradation rate of cellulose after acid treated either in water or in
ethanol at 45 or 65 °C were found depended on the media and
treatment temperature. The temperature effect on soluble sugar
content of cellulose treated in ethanol was more profound than that
of cellulose treated in water. Tiny wrinkles or pin-holes were found
on the surface of cellulose after acid treated. Cellulose treated in
ethanol at 65 °C obviously formed.

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 Result and discussion:

When treated in the same media, the weight-average degree of

polymerization (DPw) of cellulose decreased with increasing
treatment time or temperature. The degradation rate of cellulose
treated in ethanol was faster than that of cellulose treated in water,
while the temperature effect on degradation rate was more
profound for cellulose treated in water. Nevertheless, the
crystallinity of cellulose after acid treatments remained constant or
slightly increased. Results indicate that acid treatment in ethanol
has more profound effect on the molecular degradation and
surface structure of cellulose than the acid treatment in water.

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Research Topic :

Efect on diferent TiO2 photocatalyst supports on

photodecolorization of synthetic dyes.

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Research background :

This review focuses on the investigation and development of

various support materials in TiO2 photocatalyst system with
special emphasis on the photodecolorization of synthetic dyes.

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 Research objective :

Efforts have been devoted to find suitable support material of TiO2 for
improving its recovery efficiency and adsorption capability. The
relationship between the structural characteristics and physicochemical
reactivity properties of the supported TiO2 photocatalysis has been
highlighted. The vicinity of photocatalysis and support system
significantly accelerated the transfer step between adsorption and
overall oxidative of decolorization process.
.

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 Material and method :

The total mineralization implies that all the organic carbon, hydrogen
and other elements including N, P, S and halogen should be fully
converted into the corresponding inorganic species such as CO2, H2o,
NO3, SO42- and halides. The efciency of photodecolorization process can
be measured from decolorization kinetics, extent of mineralization and
intermediates identifcation. The data of total organic carbon (TOC),
chemical oxygen demand (COD) and concentration profles of various
inorganic ions can provide evidence for evaluating the
photodecolorization process.

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 Material development :

polyester has a special interest as supporting materials for TiO2

photocatalysts system. Polyester is mechanically and thermally
very stable (upto 200 °C), resistant to stretching, wrinkling,
shrinking and abrasion, resistant to water the most chemicals and
UV light The photodecolorization of polyester-supported TiO2 has
been analyzed under diferent types of dyes including methylene
blue, azo dyes acid orange 7 and azo dyes C.I. The dark condition
with given time-dependent decrease in the light adsorption of
aqueous solution in the presence of polyester-supported TiO2 was
found.
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 Material development :

The azo dyes and methylene blue demonstrate the expected

behavior in the dark, not any dye destruction with visible light and
a continuous decay of the dye adsorption at UV exposure due to
the photocatalytic dye destruction. In comparison, the reactive red
dyes show a very stable characteristic and its photodestruction is
very slow. Moreover, after multiple uses in reactive red solution the
photoactivity of polyester supported TiO2 was strongly reduced
due to an increasing reddish color.

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Result and discussion :

Photocatalytic degradation of dyes are influenced by several parameters,

such as pH, initial concentration of dyes, photocatalyst particle size and
its concentration, reaction temperature, light intensity and the presence
of electron acceptors. Currently, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has gained great
attention as a promising photocatalyst due to its beneficial properties
among the other photocatalysts, such as excellent optical and electronic
properties, high chemical stability, low cost, non-toxicity, and eco-
friendliness. It is expected that combination of support materials and
TiO2 in large-scale production is expected to be valuable for industrial dye
wastewater treatment.
.
Sk M Monoar Sadik
ID:201-232-801

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Adsorption of methyl orange and Cr(VI) on
mesoporous TiO2 prepared by
hydrothermal method.
Background
◎ Removal of industrial pollutants from water is
becoming more and more important to the
world’s health.
◎ Industrial waste water generally contains heavy
metal ions (e.g., Cr(VI), Hg(II), Pb(II)) and
organic pollutants

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 Question:

The question is how can we remove this industrial

pollutants from water?

 Various methods have been developed to remove these pollutants from industrial
waste water, e.g., filtration, coagulation–flocculation, reverse osmosis, biological
treatment.

 Among them adsorptive filtration methods is most convenient.

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Research objective

To Prepare mesoporous TiO2, by hydrothermal method

and e investigate Adsorption of heavy metal ions and
organic pollutants,(methyl orange and Cr(VI)) from
industrial water.

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Material:
1. Ti(SO4)2 (98%, National Chemicals),
2. Absolute ethanol (99%, Beijing Chemical Reagents Company),
3. Aetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%, Beijing Chemical
Reagents Company),
4. Methyl orange (MO, 99%, China Medicine Company),
5. Potassium dichromate (99.8% K2Cr2O7, Shanghai Fujiang Chemicals
Company)
6. Commercial TiO2 with an average particle size of 12 nm and surface
area of 45 m2/g was used for reference.

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Method

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Synthesis of TiO2 materials:
 Synthesized by a hydrothermal method
 0.55 g of CTAB and 4.32 g of titanium sulfate were dissolved in 30 mL
of deionized water under intense stirring.
 Heating in an oven at 110 ◦C for 24 h a Teflon liner.
 The precipitate was separated from the solution by filtering.
 Rinsed with deionized water & ethanol and dried in an oven at 80 ◦C.
 

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Characterization:

◎ For Characterization several test is performed:

◎ Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method
◎ X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD)
◎ Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) 

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Test Procedure:
◎ Firstly, aqueous solutions containing different concentrations
of MO (5–1000 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (5–100 mg/L) were
prepared.
◎ The pH of solution was adjusted by addition of NaOH, HCl
or H2SO4 solutions.
◎ Adsorption experiments were carried out at room
temperature.
◎ For the adsorption rate tests, 20 and 50 mg mesoporous
TiO2 adsorbents were added to 20 mL of MO (100 mg/L)
and Cr(VI) (50 mg/L) solutions, respectively, under stirring.
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Test Procedure:
◎ In this case, the pH of MO and Cr(VI) solutions were
adjusted to 5 and 6, respectively.
◎ After adsorption process, solid and liquid were separated
by centrifugation of the resulting suspension to measure
the concentrations of MO and Cr(VI) in the solution.
◎ Contact time of adsorbent with solution was set at 20 min.
◎ The measurements of MO and Cr(VI) concentrations
were carried out using a spectrophotometer.

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Results and discussion:

The maximum adsorbed percentages for

MO and Cr(VI) on mesoporous TiO2 were
89 and 53%, respectively.

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 Results and discussion:
Effect of solution pH on MO and Cr(VI) adsorption :

◎ When the solution pH was varied from

3 to 12, the
◎ adsorbed percentage of MO decreased
from 87 to 78%;
◎ The adsorbed percentage of Cr(VI)
decreased from 45 to 0%

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 Results and discussion:
Regeneration of the mesoporous TiO2 adsorbent:

◎ For both MO and Cr(VI), the removal

abilities markedly decreased in the
initial two cycles.
◎ The adsorbed percentage of MO
decreased markedly from 89 to 16%
◎ The Cr(VI) decreased from 53 to 28%.

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Conclusions :
◎ In comparison with commercial TiO2, the mesoporous
TiO2 shows much higher adsorption abilities for MO and
Cr(VI), and it is attributed to its high surface area.
◎ The adsorption for MO is slightly influenced by solution
pH, while that for Cr(VI) is strongly dependent on solution
pH.
◎ The regeneration of mesoporous TiO2 adsorbent
containing MO needs further improvement.
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Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and
Applications in Photocatalysis, Energy and
Biology(Review)

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Background
◎ Mesoporous materials are of great importance for their
unique structure and properties.
◎ Thus finding many potential applications in catalysis,
biological medicine and environmental energy.
◎ Mesoporous TiO2 was first synthesized by Antonelli and
Ying with modified sol–gel method.
◎ Mesoporous TiO2 has attracted more and more interest
their broad applications in photocatalysis, energy and
biology.
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 Objective

To know and review about different Synthesis of

Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide and also Applications in
Photocatalysis, Energy and Biology.

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 Material & Method

It’s a review research. So no such material &

method is used.

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Synthesis methods

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Sol–Gel Method:
◎ sol–gel method is the most common and versatile way for preparing mesoporous
TiO2, because it is easier to carry out than as in the solid state.
◎ There is a transition of the system from liquid solution (Sol) to solid gel phase
(Gel) in the sol–gel process.

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Hydrothermal Method:

◎ The method involves reaction under high temperature.

◎ pressure conditions in a sealed pressure vessel.
◎ The temperature range is usually between 130 and 250
◦C.
◎ Temperature, pH and time—will have a great impact on
the pore volume and shape of materials.

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Solvothermal Method

◎ Solvent used in the reaction.

◎ Temperature is higher than hydrothermal method.
◎ Better control over the pore size and crystallinity.

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Template Method

◎ used to synthesize well-controlled ordered mesoporous TiO2

◎ control the size, morphology and structure of synthesized
nanomaterials

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Crystallization

There are four main crystalline forms of TiO2 in nature:

 Bnatase,
 Rutile,
 Brookite
 TiO2 (B)
Rutile is the most stable crystalline structure

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Application

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 Application

Photocatalysis: Mesoporous TiO2 could used for removal of

organic pollutants, and to purify polluted air and wate.
Solar Cells: Mesoporous TiO2 materials have been shown to
have high conversion efficiency and can therefore be used as
solar cells.
Lithium-Ion Batteries: At the present time, mesoporous TiO2
with different morphologies have been widely used as
electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.

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 Biological Applications

Biosensors: Mesoporous TiO2 materials not only have large

surface area and uniform pore size distribution, but are also
biocompatible and environmentally-friendly, which makes them
promising biosensors.
Cancer Therapy: mesoporous TiO2 has been used in
photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its low cytotoxicity, stable
mesostructured, large surface areas and uniform pore size. In a
PDT treatment, the mesoporous TiO2 mainly works as a
photosensitizer.
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Conclusions and Perspectives

◎ Among the methods discussed sol–gel processes are the

simplest, most cost-effective method.
◎ Sol–gel processes can produce high purity products because
of their availability, easy-handling.
◎ Templating method is often used where highly ordered
structures are required for mesoporous TiO2.
◎ While the preparation of mesoporous TiO2 partially improves
the conductivity and lithium-conducting ability than
ordinary TiO2
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Mahin Ahmed
ID:201-233-801

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New sustainable hybrid material
as adsorbent for dye removal
from aqueous solutions
Research background

◎ Discusses how synthetic dyes can be removed from effluents

and how this can be done to release aquatic bio-systems into
the treated water environment. Water purification is a very
challenging task for aquatic bio-systems. Because synthetic
dyes are biologically active Due to their aromatic
composition and their composition, they produce non-
biodegradable products. Which is very dangerous for the
environment.

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Research Objective

◎ Removing synthetic dyes from effluents in aquatic bio-

systems is a challenging task to produce environmentally
safe water and prevent synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are
biologically Due to their aromatic structure and their
combination, non-biodegradable products are produced
such as cationic dyes, calcium phosphate, sodium titanate,
silica, and metal oxides.

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Materials and metrix-

◎ Preparation of cellulose grafted soy protein isolate (SPI) Cellulose grafted

SPI/hydroxyapatite hybrids were investigated as adsorbents for MB removal from
wastewater. Eg – batch absorption experiments were carried out in 50 ml glass bottles with
50 mg for the dry hybrid desorption study, MB-loaded hybrids were azi-titrated with 10 mL
of 0.1 M HCl for 24 h.

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Material & Development

In order to elucidate the rate of adsorption and the adsorption mechanism of

MB onto cellulose grafted SPI/hydroxyapatite hybrid, the adsorption
capacities were calculated at different times. exhibits fast adsorption process
in the initial 70 min owing to the presence of many free adsorption sites on
the hybrid surface. Then, the adsorption reached saturation after 80
min,which selected as equilibrium time for subsequent.

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Discussion –

Current research has demonstrated an environmentally friendly,

Efficient and cost-effective dye adsorbents for wastewater treatmentment
cellulose grafted SPI/hydroxyapatite hybrids have been demonstrated more
removal capacity and high adsorption-desorption efficiency
Towards MB Promising sustainable materials for industrial and
environmental applications particularly in the removal of pollutants from
wastewater

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New route for synthesis of pure
anatase TiO2 nanoparticles via
ultrasound-assisted sol-gel
method.
Research background

Titanium dioxide is one of the most important semiconductors

with a wide range of applications such as, super hydrophilic
coatings, solar cells and sonocatalysis or photocatalysis for
water purification.TiO2 has unique properties such as
photoactivity, resistance to chemical corrosion, resistance
Poisoning, and inactivation.

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Research Objective

Various methods are used to synthesize nanosized TiO2. Some

of the notable methods are Holosol-Gel, Hydrothermal,
Solvothermal and Sonochemical. The sol-gel method is the
most famous and flexible route for the production of
nanometals oxides via inorganic precursors (i.e. TiCl4) or
organometallic precursors (i.e. Ti(o-alky)4) .

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Materials and Matrix

Chemical was used without purification synthesis of anatine

TiO2 nanoparticles 10 mL of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a
precursor was mixed with 40 mL of isopropyl alcohol and stirred
for 30 minutes.

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Materials Development

Thermal behavior of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles was

analyzed through TGA and DTG analysis. TGA of TiO2 was found
to have a 0.00 weight loss in range 45 °C to 542 °C. This may be
due to the very high thermal stability and highly purity of TiO2
nanoparticles without any organic or water that may be attach
on the surface of the sample. The significantly weight loss
(0.1%) was observed at 558C°, the rate of weight loss increased
after 560C° until the last degree measured 697°, the total weight
loss of TiO2 nanoparticles after completely TGA analysis was
(3.44%).
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Discussion

A new route of sol gel method is performed for synthesis pure

anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with high quality production. The
synthesis conditions was carried out using ultrasound through
sol-gel technique at low temperature and acidic media. This
procedure is mild, time saving, and produce pure anatase phase
of TiO2 with low particle size and less aggregation.

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Rafat Hossain
ID:201-231-801

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Cellulose-Nanowhisker-Templated Synthesis of
TitaniumDioxide /Cellulose Nanomaterials with
Promising Photocatalytic Abilities.

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Research Background

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important semi- conductor

material. Nanocrystals with tailored shapes have attracted
extensive interest in the past decade. The ability to prepare size-
and shape-controlled TiO2 enables these crystals to be used as
key components for the fabrication of advanced nanodevices.

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Research Objectives:

The ability to prepare size- and shape-controlled TiO2 nanocrystals

enable these crystals to be used as key components for the
fabrication of advanced nanomaterials. Most organics are toxic and
highly reactive chemicals and may pose potential environmental and
biological risks. Cellulose whiskers are gaining momentum recently
because of their combination of natural and renewable origins and
their equally impressive mechanical properties compared with
carbon nanomaterials. They are inherently low-cost materials and can
be made from a variety of natural sources.

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Materials and Matrix :
1. Native cellulose [cotton linter, a-cellulose 95%]
2. viscosity -average molecular weights (Mg) 1⁄4 1.07 105 in cad
oxen at 25C] was supplied by Hubei Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.
(Xiangfan, Hubei, China).
3. Other analytical-grade chemical reagents were supplied by
Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai,China)

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Material Development:
◎ Cellulose nanowhiskers were prepared by the hydrolysis of cotton
linter with sulfuric acid. The suspension was diluted with
deionized water, then centrifuged, and washed with water three
times before freeze-drying at -45C.
◎ Cellulose nano whiskers (0.2 g), HNO3 (5 mL, 0.1M), and absolute
ethanol (100 mL) were mixed with each other in a round flask, and
the mixed suspension was ultrasonically dispersed for 1 h.
Subsisted with water, then centrifuged, and washed with water
repeatedly. against deionized water for 2 days and then freeze- The
TiO2/cellulose nanoparticles prepared.

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Conclusion:
◎ The study provided a new conceptual scheme for the design
and fabrication of functional nanomaterials. The
nanoparticles exhibited high photo-catalytic activity in the
degradation of MO with high UV light irradiation, and had
comparable photocatalytic efficiency to that of pure anatase
TiO2 nanoparticles.

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Brief overview on cellulose dissolution/regeneratio
interactions
and mechanisms.

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Research Background:
◎ Cellulose is a readily available and renewable biopolymer
abundantly found in nature, typically combined with lignin
and hemicelluloses in the cell wall of upper parts of plants.
This homopoly-saccharide is formed by linearly connecting
D-glucose units condensed through glycosidic bonds.

85
Research Objectives:
◎ Chemical processing of cellulose is rather difficult due to its
complexity and partially crystalline structure. Cellulose does
not melt nor is it soluble in common aqueous and organic
solvents. The key to dissolve cellulose resides in the solvent
capacity to break the intermolecular hydrogen bond
network.

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Materials and Matrix:
◎ 1. Cuprammonium hydroxide.
◎ 2. Zinc chloride, ammonium,calcium and sodium
thiocyanate solutions.
◎ 3. Salts dissolved in organic solvents
◎ (e.g., lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide, ammonia/
◎ ammonium salt, tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethyl
sulfoxide)
◎ 4. Aqueous alkali (lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
solutions)
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Material Development
◎ Cellulose can be regarded as an amphiphilic molecule and thus
research should focus on eliminating hydrophobic interactions.
When a neutral molecule, such as cellulose, is charged up, its
solubility is expected to increase and thus cellulose tends to be
more soluble before penetrated at either high or low pH.

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NaOH/water hydrates are speculated to have hydrodynamic diameters too
large to diffuse into the very densely packed crystalline regions of
cellulose. The performance of these alkali systems can be increased when
certain additives, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), urea and thiourea, are present.

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Thank You